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. 2021 Jan 19;11:622598. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.622598

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Copyright © 2021 Watson, Madsen and Clark

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Mechanisms for reduction in surfactant proteins A (SP-A) and SP-D in the lung during infection and inflammation. Indicated is the degradation of SP-A and SP-D through their role as scavenger receptors to bind and enhance clearance of pathogens, noxious particles, apoptotic cells and cell debris (1); degradation of SP-A and SP-D through pathogen-derived proteases and elevated endogenous proteases secreted by recruited inflammatory cells or released from dying and damaged cells (2); damage to the alveolar epithelium leading to reduction of SP-A and SP-D production (3) and leakage into the blood (4). Adapted from “Cytokine Storm”, by BioRender.com (2020). Retrieved from https://app.biorender.com/biorender-templates.