. 2005 Jun 1;15(3):78–84. doi: 10.2188/jea.15.78

Table 3. Hazard ratios (HRs) of mortality for five social relationship measures for aged 75+ years at baseline.

Social relationships		Stage 1*		Stage 2*

		HR	95% CI	HR	95% CI
		Men n=295
Casual friend^†		0.82	0.56 – 1.22	0.90	0.56 – 1.43
Support provider^†		1.05	0.72 – 1.53	1.16	0.74 – 1.80
Group membership^†		0.53	0.36 – 0.77	0.62	0.41 – 0.94
Job^t		0.54	0.37 – 0.78	0.60	0.40 – 0.90
Living arrangement^§	(alone)	0.48	0.12 – 1.98	0.49	0.12 – 2.03
Living arrangement^§	(couple)	0.89	0.52 – 1.55	0.85	0.49 – 1.48

		Women n=464
Casual friend^†		0.82	0.56 – 1.23	0.92	0.58 – 1.44
Support provider^†		0.90	0.61 – 1.33	1.01	0.66 – 1.54
Group membership^†		0.79	0.54 – 1.15	0.88	0.59 – 1.31
Job^†		0.65	0.44 – 0.96	0.67	0.45 – 0.99
Living arrangement^§	(alone)	0.34	0.13 – 0.94	0.35	0.13 – 0.97
Living arrangement^§	(couple)	0.57	0.18 – 1.84	0.61	0.19 – 1.97

CI : confidence interval

* : Stage 1 is adjusted for age, self-rated health, diagnosed illness, annual income, and home ownership. Stage 2 is adjusted for age, self-rated health, diagnosed illness, other social relationships, annual income, and home ownership.

† : To calculate the hazard ratios, “no” (coded=0) of each variable is used as a reference.

§ : To calculate the hazard ratios, multi-generation household is used as a reference.