Table 3. Characteristics of patients in groups according to cause of end-stage renal disease.
| Chronic glomerulonephritis (a) |
Diabetic nephropathy (b) |
Others © |
p-value | multiple comparisons or χ2 test | |||||
| a vs b | a vs c | b vs c | |||||||
| Number | 362 | 298 | 554 | ||||||
| Male/Female | 227 / 135 | 214 / 84 | 338 / 216 | 0.006 | * | * | |||
| Age | (year) | 57.7 ± 12.9 | 62.8 ± 11.0 | 62.5 ± 13.6 | < 0.001 | ** | ** | ||
| Age at starting hemodialysis | (year) | 48.1 ± 15.9 | 59.2 ± 11.3 | 55.5 ± 16.6 | < 0.001 | ** | ** | ** | |
| Body Mass Index | (kg/m2) | 20.5 ± 2.8 | 21.3 ± 3.0 | 20.8 ± 3.1 | 0.002 | ** | ** | ||
| Duration of hemodialysis | (year) | 9.6 ± 7.7 | 3.7 ± 3.3 | 7.1 ± 6.7 | < 0.001 | ** | ** | ** | |
| Sessions of hemodialysis | (/week) | 2.91 ± 0.33 | 2.84 ± 0.37 | 2.87 ± 0.36 | NS | ||||
| Length of a hemodialysis session | (hour) | 3.80 ± 0.61 | 3.69 ± 0.63 | 3.71 ± 0.62 | 0.039 | * | |||
| Comorbid condition | (%) | ||||||||
| Myocardial infarction | 5.5 | 4.4 | 5.4 | NS | |||||
| Stroke | 10.8 | 14.1 | 14.1 | NS | |||||
| Peripheral artery disease | 19.1 | 15.1 | 14.8 | NS | |||||
| Hypertension | (%) | 83.4 | 95.3 | 85.2 | < 0.001 | * | * | ||
| Anti-hypertension medications | (%) | 63.8 | 82.9 | 63.7 | < 0.001 | * | * | ||
| Number of prescribed drugs | 1.23 ± 1.18 | 1.78 ± 1.29 | 1.23 ± 1.18 | < 0.001 | ** | ** | |||
| Pre-systolic blood pressure | (mmHg) | 150 ± 23 | 166 ± 25 | 152 ± 22 | < 0.001 | ** | ** | ||
| Pre-diastolic blood pressure | (mmHg) | 86 ± 13 | 85 ± 13 | 84 ± 14 | 0.048 | ** | |||
| Pre-pulse pressure | (mmHg) | 64 ± 16 | 81 ± 18 | 68 ± 16 | < 0.001 | ** | ** | ||
| Post-systolic blood pressure | (mmHg) | 137 ± 26 | 153 ± 27 | 140 ± 24 | < 0.001 | ** | ** | ||
| Post-diastolic blood pressure | (mmHg) | 80 ± 15 | 80 ± 13 | 79 ± 14 | NS | ||||
| Post-pulse pressure | (mmHg) | 56 ± 16 | 73 ± 19 | 60 ± 13 | < 0.001 | ** | ** | ||
| Delta-systolic blood pressure | (mmHg) | 13 ± 20 | 13 ± 25 | 12 ± 22 | NS | ||||
| Diabetes mellitus | (%) | 5.2 | 100 | 6.5 | < 0.001 | * | * | ||
| HbA1c | (%) | 4.34 ± 0.61 | 5.60 ± 1.13 | 4.41 ± 0.66 | < 0.001 | ** | ** | ||
| Plasma glucose | (mg/dL) | 111.8 ± 35.5 | 169.6 ± 69.8 | 116.9 ± 43.8 | < 0.001 | ** | ** | ||
| Dyslipidemia | (%) | 43.1 | 56.4 | 41.3 | < 0.001 | * | * | ||
| Total cholesterol | (mg/dL) | 155.1 ± 32.1 | 152.9 ± 37.9 | 155.8 ± 36.5 | NS | ||||
| Triglyceride | (mg/dL) | 109.3 ± 59.2 | 116.7 ± 81.2 | 103.8 ± 64.4 | 0.024† | ‡ | ‡ | ||
| High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol | (mg/dL) | 47.4 ± 16.2 | 44.5 ± 14.4 | 48.0 ± 15.0 | 0.005 | ** | ** | ||
| Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol | (mg/dL) | 84.7 ± 25.0 | 83.7 ± 27.5 | 85.6 ± 27.9 | NS | ||||
| % of low HDL cholesterol (< 40mg/dL) | (%) | 36.7 | 44.0 | 31.0 | < 0.001 | * | |||
| Habits | |||||||||
| Currently smoking | (%) | 28.4 | 29.2 | 27.5 | NS | ||||
| Regular drinking | (%) | 9.1 | 7.0 | 5.4 | NS | ||||
| Nutrition-related data | |||||||||
| Total protein | (g/dL) | 6.5 ± 0.5 | 6.5 ± 0.5 | 6.5 ± 0.5 | NS | ||||
| Serum albumin | (g/dL) | 3.8 ± 0.4 | 3.7 ± 0.4 | 3.8 ± 0.4 | 0.001 | ** | ** | ||
| Blood urea nitrogen | (mg/dL) | 72.1 ± 14.8 | 68.7 ± 15.4 | 71.9 ± 16.2 | 0.007 | ** | ** | ||
| Serum creatinine | (mg/dL) | 11.8 ± 2.8 | 9.8 ± 2.5 | 11.2 ± 2.7 | < 0.001 | ** | ** | ||
| Inflammatory markers | |||||||||
| White blood cell count | (/µL) | 5682 ± 1783 | 6087 ± 1658 | 5572 ± 1728 | < 0.001 | ** | ** | ||
| C-reactive protein (CRP) | (mg/L) | 3.87 ± 9.56 | 4.43 ± 9.36 | 3.87 ± 900 | NS† | ||||
| % of high CRP (> 10 mg/L) | (%) | 9.1 | 11.1 | 8.5 | NS | ||||
Data are expressed as means ± standard deviations, or as percentages.
P-values were obtained by ANOVA, the chi square test, or the Kruskal-Wallis test (†).
*: p< 0.05, **: p < 0.01, by the multiple comparison test (Bonferroni method) or the chi square test.