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Biffl et al. injury grading scale, used to grade all identified BCVIs [7]
| Grade | Description |
|---|---|
| 1 | Irregularity of the vessel wall or dissection/intramural hematoma with < 25% luminal stenosis |
| 2 | Intraluminal thrombus, raised intimal flap; dissection/intramural hematoma with > 25% luminal narrowing |
| 3 | Pseudoaneurysm |
| 4 | Complete occlusion of the vessel |
| 5 | Transection of the vessel |
