Table 1.
Participant Characteristics
| ALSPAC at 17 Years |
ALSPAC at 21 Years |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | Mean ± SD / Median (IQR) | n | Mean ± SD / Median (IQR) | |
| Age (yrs) | 5,215 | 17.8 ± 0.4 | 436 | 20.9 ± 1.0 |
| Male/female (%) | 5,215 | 44/56 | 436 | 34/66 |
| Height (m) | 5,068 | 1.71 ± 0.09 | 436 | 1.71 ± 0.09 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 5,062 | 22.0 (20.1–24.6) | 436 | 23.4 (20.7–26.5) |
| Mass (kg) | 5,067 | 64.8 (57.4–73.9) | 436 | 68.6 (59.2–80.3) |
| FFM (kg) | 4,849 | 43.0 (37.2–54.1) | 407 | 51.8 (45.6–62.2) |
| FM (kg) | 4,849 | 16.4 (10.7–23.4) | 407 | 15.0 (10.7–21.1) |
| SBP (mm Hg) | 4,658 | 116 ± 10 | 431 | 117 ± 10 |
| PP (mm Hg) | 4,658 | 52 ± 9 | 431 | 50 ± 9 |
| DBP (mm Hg) | 4,658 | 64 ± 6 | 431 | 67 ± 7 |
| MAP (mm Hg) | 4,658 | 81 ± 8 | 431 | 84 ± 7 |
| Carotid lumen diameter (mm) | 4,543 | 6.11 ± 0.40 | 435 | 5.31 ± 0.40 |
| Carotid IMT (mm) | 4,619 | 0.48 ± 0.04 | 435 | 0.46 ± 0.04 |
| Radial lumen diameter (mm) | ― | ― | 172 | 1.88 ± 0.37 |
| Radial IMT (mm) | ― | ― | 172 | 0.15 ± 0.03 |
| MT | ― | ― | 172 | 0.09 ± 0.03 |
| IT | ― | ― | 172 | 0.07 ± 0.01 |
| LDL-C (mmol/l) | 3,284 | 2.11 ± 0.61 | 384 | 1.85 ± 0.73 |
| HDL-C (mmol/l) | 3,284 | 1.27 ± 0.30 | 384 | 1.03 ± 0.35 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/l) | 3,284 | 0.75 (0.60–0.98) | 384 | 0.67 (0.49–0.91) |
| Glucose (mmol/l) | 3,284 | 5.00 (4.76–5.25) | 385 | 3.80 (3.35–4.17) |
| Insulin (μU/ml) | 3,230 | 6.77 (4.89–9.85) | 385 | 7.27 (5.30–10.45) |
| CRP (mg/l) | 3,284 | 0.55 (0.28–1.35) | 378 | 0.77 (0.30–2.09) |
| Smoking status (% ever smoked) | 4,191 | 48.8 | 423 | 18.2 |
| Passive smoke exposure (% >1 h day) | 3,423 | 44 | ― | ― |
| Daily dietary intake (kcal) | 4,561 | 2,238 ± 189 | ― | ― |
| Physical activity | ||||
| Counts/min | 1,943 | 479 ± 178 | ― | ― |
| % <2× weeks | ― | ― | 436 | 43.1 |
| Highest household social class | 4,336 | 392 | ||
| I | 178 | 4.1 | 26 | 6.6 |
| II | 1,076 | 24.8 | 122 | 31.1 |
| III (non-manual) | 1,155 | 26.6 | 112 | 28.6 |
| III (manual) | 1,155 | 26.6 | 88 | 22.4 |
| IV | 607 | 14.0 | 36 | 9.2 |
| V | 1,60 | 3.7 | 6 | 1.5 |
ALSPAC = Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children; BMI = body mass index; CRP = C-reactive protein; DBP = diastolic blood pressure; FFM = fat-free mass; FM = fat mass; HDL-C = high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; IMT = intima-media thickness; IT = intima thickness; LDL-C = low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; MAP = mean arterial pressure; MT = media thickness; SBP = systolic blood pressure.