Fig. 2.

LPA receptors and signaling intermediates. LPA signals through six different LPA transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs and LPAR1–6) and other GPCRs (such as P2Y10 and GRP87). These receptors activate different intracellular signaling mediators to elicit different/several cellular responses (such as cytoskeleton reorganization, migration, proliferation, survival, and cell–cell communication). Finally, LPA was also recently described as a direct PPARγ agonist and in this sense intracellular LPA could also induce signaling through this receptor. Scheme created using Biorender.com