Fig. 4.

Risk ratio estimates resulting from true risk-ratios between 1 and 5 and estimated exposure misclassification, by source water type and sampling location. Note: dotted line plots y = x (i.e., no risk ratio estimation bias); sampling locations are ordered (top to bottom) by sample point distance from WTP; grey points on bottom panel give odds-ratio estimates from prior meta-analyses of DBP exposure and bladder cancer (Hrudey et al., 2015) and reproductive anomalies (Nieuwenhuijsen et al., 2009).