Fig. 1.

DNA microarray analysis of PrL DBS-enhanced spatial memory in aged animals. Rats underwent Morris water maze after receiving chronic DBS or sham DBS (A). (B) A significant improvement in the acquisition of spatial learning; (C, D) improvements in the probe trial in both latency to reach the imaginary platform and time spent in the target quadrant. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. (E, F) Hierarchical clustergrams of intensity values of genes with at least 2-fold change in PrL DBS-treated rat dorsal (E) and ventral (F) hippocampus. Volcano plot of threshold changes > 2-fold with a 0.05 corrected p value showing 95 entities (19 downregulated and 76 upregulated) and 848 entities (247 downregulated and 601 upregulated) in the dHPC (G) and vHPC (F), respectively. *p < 0.05