Table 2.
Clinical trials results of COVID-19 vaccine candidates ongoing in phase III efficacy trials
| Vaccine developer | Platform | Target dose and schedule in phase III trial | Preliminary vaccine efficacy against COVID-19 | Immunogenicity of target dose and schedule in phase I/II trial | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Neutralizing antibody titers | T cell response | ||||
| Moderna3,37,38 (mRNA-1273) | mRNA expressing spike protein | 100 μg (Day 0, 28) | 94.1% |
1:654 (18-55 yeas)a 1:878 (56-70 yearsa 1:317 (≥71 years)a |
CD4 Th1 cell responses and low CD8 T cell responses |
| Pfizer/BioNTech SE2,39 (BNT162b2) | mRNA expressing spike protein | 30 μg (Day 0, 21) | 95.0% |
1:163 (18-55 years)b 1:206 (65-85 years)b |
ND |
| AatraZeneca/University of Oxfors4,40 (ChAdOx1) | Non-replicating chimpanzee adenoviral vector expressing spike protein |
Low dose (2.55 × 1010VP)/ Standard dose (5 × 1010VP) (Day 0, 28) |
70.4% (Low-standard dose: 90.0%; Standard-standard dose: 62.1%) |
Low-low dose/ Standard- Standard dose 1:161/1:193 (18-55 years)c 1:143/1:144 (56-69 years)c 1:150/1:161 (≥70 years)c |
IFNγ-ELISpot T-cell responses |
| Gamaleya Center5,41 (rAd26/rAd5) | Non-replicating recombinant adenoviral type26 and type5 expressing spike protein | 10 × 1010VP (Day 0, 21) | 91.4% | 1:46-1:49 (18-60 yeas)d | CD4 Th1 and CD8 T cell responses |
| CanSino Biological Inc./Beijing Institute of Biotechnology42 | Non-replicating recombinant adenoviral type5 expressing spike protein | 5 × 1010VP (Day 0) | ND |
1:21.2 (18-44 years)e 1:17.8 (45-54 years)e 1:9.6 (≥55 years)e |
IFNγ-ELISpot T-cell responses |
| Janssen43 (Ad26.COV2.S) | Non-replicating recombinant adenoviral type26 expressing spike protein | 5 × 1010VP (Day 0) | ND |
1:214 (18-55 years)f 1;196 (≥65 years) f |
CD4 Th1 and CD8 T cell responses |
| Sinovac44 (CoronaVac) | Inactivated | 3ug (Day 0, 14) | ND | 1:27.6 (18-59 yeas)g | ND |
| Beijing Institute of Biological Products45 (BBIBP-CorV) | Inactivated | 4ug (Day 0, 21) | ND | 1:218.9 (18-59 yeas)h | ND |
| Novavax46 (NVX-Cov2373) | Recombinant SARS-CoV-2 glycoprotein nanoparticle vaccine adjuvanted with Matrix-M | 5 μg SARS-CoV-2 rS + 50 μg Matrix-M1 adjuvant (Day 0, 21) | ND | 1:3906.3 (18-79 years)i | CD4 Th1 cell responses |
aBased on live virus 80% plaque-reduction neutralization testing (PRNT80) assay
bBased on wild-type virus microneutralization assay (MNA) with an inhibitory concentration of 50%, with relative light units as readout
cBased on wild-type virus MNA with an inhibitory concentration of 80%
dBased on wild-type virus MNA with a 50% tissue culture infective dose of 100 (100TCID50)
eBased on wild-type virus MNA with an inhibitory concentration of 50%, with Cytopathic effect (CPE) as readout
fBased on wild-type virus MNA with an inhibitory concentration of 50%
gBased on wild-type virus MNA with Cytopathic effect (CPE) as readout
hBased on live virus 50% plaque-reduction neutralization testing (PRNT50) assay
iBased on wild-type virus MNA with an inhibitory concentration of 99%
ND not determined