Table 3.
Structural equation model regressions: path coefficients for explanatory variables for the five occupational groups.
| Group | Response variable | Explanatory variables | Coefficient | 95% CI | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (variance explained R2) | |||||
| Police | PTSS (0.48) | Dysf. coping | 0.81 | From 0.39 to 1.23 | 0.0002 |
| Active coping | 0.01 | From −0.16 to 0.18 | 0.89 | ||
| SE | 0.26 | From 0.05 to 0.46 | 0.013 | ||
| Trauma before | 0.14 | From −0.04 to 0.33 | 0.12 | ||
| Trauma work | 0.19 | From −0.00 to 0.38 | 0.054 | ||
| Work experience | 0.07 | From −0.11 to 0.25 | 0.42 | ||
| Female | 0.04 | From −0.14 to 0.22 | 0.66 | ||
| Psychological strain (0.68) | PTSS | 0.82 | From 0.68 to 0.96 | <0.0001 | |
| Fire service | PTSS (0.42) | Dysf. coping | 0.59 | From 0.39 to 0.79 | <0.0001 |
| Active coping | −0.03 | From −0.14 to 0.08 | 0.57 | ||
| SE | 0.23 | From 0.11 to 0.34 | <0.0001 | ||
| Trauma before | −0.01 | From −0.12 to 0.11 | 0.93 | ||
| Trauma work | 0.13 | From 0.01 to 0.24 | 0.032 | ||
| Work experience | 0.09 | From −0.02 to 0.21 | 0.12 | ||
| Female | −0.03 | From −0.15 to 0.08 | 0.55 | ||
| Psychological strain (0.57) | PTSS | 0.76 | From 0.69 to 0.83 | <0.0001 | |
| Ambulance service | PTSS (0.78) | Dysf. coping | 0.63 | From 0.53 to 0.72 | <0.0001 |
| Active coping | −0.08 | From −0.16 to −0.01 | 0.035 | ||
| SE | 0.15 | From 0.07 to 0.23 | <0.0001 | ||
| Trauma before | 0.12 | From 0.05 to 0.20 | 0.001 | ||
| Trauma work | 0.11 | From 0.03 to 0.19 | 0.007 | ||
| Work experience | 0.06 | From −0.03 to 0.14 | 0.17 | ||
| Female | 0.15 | From 0.07 to 0.22 | 0.0001 | ||
| Psychological strain (0.67) | PTSS | 0.82 | From 0.78 to 0.86 | <0.0001 | |
| Emergency staff | PTSS (0.37) | Dysf. coping | 0.38 | From 0.14 to 0.62 | 0.002 |
| Active coping | −0.04 | From −0.23 to 0.15 | 0.68 | ||
| SE | −0.20 | From −0.39 to −0.02 | 0.027 | ||
| Trauma before | −0.10 | From −0.28 to 0.08 | 0.28 | ||
| Trauma work | 0.20 | From 0.02 to 0.37 | 0.028 | ||
| Work experience | 0.27 | From 0.09 to 0.44 | 0.003 | ||
| Female | 0.26 | From 0.08 to 0.43 | 0.004 | ||
| Psychological strain (0.48) | PTSS | 0.69 | From 0.58 to 0.80 | <0.0001 | |
| Psychiatric nurses | PTSS (0.41) | Dysf. coping | 0.45 | From 0.16 to 0.74 | 0.002 |
| Active coping | 0.10 | From −0.11 to 0.31 | 0.35 | ||
| SE | −0.35 | From −0.54 to −0.15 | 0.0005 | ||
| Trauma before | 0.17 | From −0.04 to 0.38 | 0.12 | ||
| Trauma work | 0.08 | From −0.13 to 0.29 | 0.44 | ||
| Work experience | 0.23 | From 0.03 to 0.43 | 0.021 | ||
| Female | 0.01 | From −0.20 to 0.23 | 0.89 | ||
| Psychological strain (0.65) | PTSS | 0.81 | From 0.72 to 0.89 | <0.0001 |
Dysf. Coping, dysfunctional coping; PTSS, Posttraumatic Symptom Scale; SE, Self-Efficacy Scale; Psychological Strain, latent variable including Brief Symptom Inventory (subscales: Global Severity Index, Positive Symptom Total) and General Health Questionnaire (subscales: physiological well-being; psychological well-being). Dependent variables (italics) are in rows containing the explained variance (R2).