TABLE 3.
Maternal PUFA status in Models 1 and 2 in relation to child neurodevelopmental outcomes at 7 years of age: Seychelles Child Development Study Nutrition 2 Cohort
| Outcome | n | Model 11 | Model 21 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DHA | AA | n-6:n-3 ratio | |||||
| Beta, SE | P | Beta, SE | P | Beta, SE | P | ||
| Log, trail-making A | 1132 | 0.01, 0.02 | 0.52 | − 0.01, 0.02 | 0.77 | − 0.01, 0.01 | 0.52 |
| Square root, BNT Total | 1229 | − 0.04, 0.03 | 0.13 | 0.03, 0.03 | 0.31 | 0.03, 0.01 | 0.05 |
| CELF-5 total | 1200 | − 1.30, 0.84 | 0.12 | − 0.13, 0.79 | 0.87 | 0.99, 0.46 | 0.03 |
| CELF-5 FD | 1224 | − 0.13, 0.22 | 0.56 | − 0.29, 0.20 | 0.16 | 0.24, 0.12 | 0.05 |
| CELF-5 LC^2 | 1231 | − 8.99, 5.01 | 0.07 | 2.43, 4.67 | 0.60 | 4.42, 2.70 | 0.10 |
| CELF-5 RS | 1219 | − 0.24, 0.40 | 0.55 | − 0.10, 0.38 | 0.79 | 0.15, 0.22 | 0.48 |
| CELF-5 SC | 1222 | − 5.12, 7.43 | 0.49 | − 2.93, 6.95 | 0.67 | 4.84, 3.99 | 0.23 |
| Square root, CELF-5 USP | 1215 | − 0.05, 0.04 | 0.19 | 0.03, 0.03 | 0.32 | 0.01, 0.02 | 0.45 |
| Square root, CBCL total | 1218 | 0.06, 0.09 | 0.54 | − 0.09, 0.09 | 0.33 | − 0.04, 0.05 | 0.48 |
| KBIT-2 word knowledge | 1233 | − 0.54, 0.42 | 0.19 | 0.25, 0.39 | 0.52 | 0.29, 0.23 | 0.20 |
| KBIT-2 matrices | 1229 | − 0.48, 0.26 | 0.06 | − 0.03, 0.24 | 0.90 | 0.40, 0.14 | 0.004 |
| WJ-III applied problems^2 | 1225 | − 0.76, 8.63 | 0.93 | − 0.63, 8.08 | 0.94 | − 1.88, 4.63 | 0.69 |
| WJ-III letter word | 1224 | − 1.19, 1.18 | 0.32 | − 0.24, 1.11 | 0.83 | 1.19, 0.64 | 0.06 |
| FT dominant hand | 1222 | − 0.08, 0.27 | 0.75 | − 0.08, 0.25 | 0.76 | 0.20, 0.14 | 0.16 |
| FT nondominant hand | 1223 | − 0.15, 0.24 | 0.54 | 0.04, 0.23 | 0.86 | 0.20, 0.13 | 0.12 |
| Square root, SCQ total1 | 1227 | 0.02, 0.04 | 0.69 | − 0.02, 0.03 | 0.50 | − 0.00, 0.02 | 0.99 |
| Square root, SRS-2 total | 1235 | 0.03, 0.07 | 0.69 | − 0.09, 0.06 | 0.18 | − 0.01, 0.04 | 0.85 |
Regression analysis was performed for each outcome separately. Beta values are estimated regression coefficients. B and SE values are expressed as changes in outcomes per IQR increase in exposure (DHA: 0.128 mg/mL; AA: 0.11 mg/mL; n-6:n-3 ratio: 1.675). The P values have not been adjusted for multiple comparisons. P values are considered statistically significant when P < 0.0029. Abbreviations: AA, arachidonic acid; BNT, Boston Naming Test; CBCL, Child Behavior Checklist; CELF-5, Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals–5; FD, following directions; FT, finger tapping; KBIT-2, Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test 2; LC, linguistic concepts; MeHg, methylmercury; RS, recalling sentences; SC, sentence comprehension; SCQ, Social Communication Questionnaire; SRS-2, Social Responsiveness Scale 2; USP, understanding spoken paragraphs; WJ-III, Woodcock-Johnson Test of Scholastic Achievement–III.
Models adjusted for prenatal MeHg exposure, maternal age, maternal IQ, child age, child sex, Hollingshead socioeconomic status, and family status. CELF-5 outcomes are also adjusted for interviewer. Model 1 was adjusted for maternal DHA and AA status; Model 2 was adjusted for maternal n-6:n-3 ratio.