TABLE 4.
Interaction models for prenatal methylmercury exposure against child outcomes at 7 years of age with PUFA status
| Outcome | n | Interaction with n-3, MeHg slope1 | Interaction with n-6, MeHg slope1 | Interaction with n-6:n3 ratio, MeHg slope1 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n-3 PUFA lowest fertile Beta, SE, P | n-3 PUFA middle tertile Beta, SE, P | n-3 PUFA highest tertile Beta, SE, P | Hg by n-3 interaction P value P | n-6 PUFA lowest tertile Beta, SE, P | n-6 PUFA middle tertile Beta, SE, P | n-6 PUFA highest tertile Beta, SE, P | Hg by n-6 interaction P value P | n-6/n-3 PUFA lowest tertile Beta, SE, P | n-6/n-3 PUFA middle tertile Beta, SE, P | n-6/n-3 PUFA highest tertile Beta, SE, P | Hg by n-6/n-3 ratio interaction P value P | ||
| Log, Trailmaking time A | 1132 | 0.00, 0.01, P = 0.88 | 0.00, 0.01, P = 0.96 | 0.01, 0.01, P = 0.11 | 0.49 | −0.01, 0.01, P = 0.27 | 0.02, 0.01, P = 0.02 | 0.01, 0.01, P = 0.25 | 0.03 | −0.00, 0.01, P = 0.80 | 0.00, 0.01, P = 0.48 | 0.02, 0.01, P = 0.04 | 0.18 |
| Square root, BNT | 1229 | 0.00, 0.01, P = 0.82 | 0.01, 0.01, P = 0.19 | 0.00, 0.01, P = 0.48 | 0.78 | 0.00, 0.01, P = 0.55 | 0.00, 0.01, P = 0.64 | 0.01, 0.01, P = 0.12 | 0.70 | 0.01, 0.01, P = 0.31 | 0.00, 0.01, P = 0.52 | 0.01, 0.01, P = 0.37 | 0.97 |
| CELF-5 total | 1200 | −0.22, 0.25, P = 0.37 | 0.29, 0.21, P = 0.18 | −0.28, 0.21, P = 0.18 | 0.12 | −0.04, 0.21, P = 0.86 | 0.03, 0.23, P = 0.90 | −0.15, 0.23, P = 0.51 | 0.85 | 0.01, 0.20, P = 0.95 | −0.20, 0.23, P = 0.37 | −0.05, 0.25, P = 0.85 | 0.76 |
| CELF-5 FD | 1224 | −0.01, 0.06, P = 0.86 | 0.01, 0.06, P = 0.81 | −0.09, 0.05, P = 0.10 | 0.38 | −0.06, 0.05, P = 0.25 | −0.01, 0.06, P = 0.89 | −0.02, 0.06, P = 0.79 | 0.77 | −0.06, 0.05, P = 0.21 | −0.07, 0.06, P = 0.26 | 0.06, 0.07, P = 0.36 | 0.26 |
| CELF-5 LC^2 | 1231 | −0.98, 1.46, P = 0.50 | 0.51, 1.28, P = 0.69 | −0.39, 1.26, P = 0.76 | 0.73 | −0.68, 1.23, P = 0.58 | −0.41, 1.40, P = 0.77 | 0.65, 1.35, P = 0.63 | 0.75 | 1.36, 1.17, P = 0.25 | −2.39, 1.34, P = 0.08 | −0.08, 1.52, P = 0.96 | 0.11 |
| CELF-5 RS | 1219 | −0.13, 0.12, P = 0.26 | 0.14, 0.10, P = 0.16 | −0.11, 0.10, P = 0.27 | 0.11 | −0.01, 0.10, P = 0.90 | −0.03, 0.11, P = 0.78 | −0.03, 0.11, P = 0.77 | 0.99 | −0.01, 0.09, P = 0.96 | −0.06, 0.11, P = 0.55 | −0.04, 0.12, P = 0.74 | 0.92 |
| CELF-5 SC | 1222 | −1.16, 2.17, P = 0.59 | 3.31, 1.89, P = 0.08 | −1.86, 1.85, P = 0.32 | 0.11 | 1.60, 1.83, P = 0.38 | 0.61, 2.07, P = 0.77 | −2.08, 2.00, P = 0.30 | 0.38 | 1.12, 1.74, P = 0.52 | −0.77, 1.99, P = 0.70 | −0.77, 2.26, P = 0.73 | 0.71 |
| Square root, CELF-5 USP | 1215 | −0.00, 0.01, P = 0.78 | −0.00, 0.01, P = 0.94 | 0.00, 0.01, P = 0.97 | 0.97 | −0.00, 0.01, P = 0.72 | 0.01, 0.01, P = 0.33 | −0.01, 0.01, P = 0.39 | 0.40 | 0.00, 0.01, P = 0.68 | −0.01, 0.01, P = 0.52 | −0.00, 0.01, P = 0.86 | 0.75 |
| Square root, CBCL total | 1218 | −0.02, 0.03, P = 0.58 | −0.00, 0.02, P = 0.99 | 0.00, 0.02, P = 0.88 | 0.86 | −0.02, 0.02, P = 0.33 | 0.04, 0.03, F= 0.18 | −0.02, 0.03, P = 0.55 | 0.21 | −0.02, 0.02, P = 0.36 | 0.00, 0.03, P = 0.92 | 0.02, 0.03, P = 0.58 | 0.58 |
| KBIT word knowledge | 1233 | −0.20, 0.12, P = 0.10 | −0.07, 0.11, P = 0.49 | 0.01, 0.11, P = 0.93 | 0.42 | −0.19, 0.10, P = 0.06 | −0.04, 0.12, P = 0.72 | 0.04, 0.11, P = 0.71 | 0.28 | −0.07, 0.10, P = 0.49 | −0.07, 0.11, P = 0.53 | −0.12, 0.13, P = 0.36 | 0.95 |
| KBIT matrices | 1229 | −0.01, 0.07, P = 0.91 | 0.05, 0.07, P = 0.47 | 0.01, 0.06, P = 0.94 | 0.84 | 0.03, 0.06, P = 0.69 | −0.01, 0.07, P = 0.90 | 0.05, 0.07, P = 0.51 | 0.85 | 0.02, 0.06, P = 0.79 | 0.03, 0.07, P = 0.69 | 0.01, 0.08, P = 0.92 | 0.98 |
| WJ-III applied problems ^2 | 1225 | −1.44, 2.51, P = 0.57 | 1.91, 2.19, P = 0.38 | −0.04, 2.16, P = 0.99 | 0.59 | −0.19, 2.11, P = 0.93 | −2.30, 2.42, P = 0.34 | 2.70, 2.32, P = 0.24 | 0.31 | 0.09, 2.01, P = 0.97 | −0.60, 2.31, P = 0.80 | 0.76, 2.62, P = 0.77 | 0.93 |
| WJ-III letter word | 1224 | −0.17, 0.34, P = 0.62 | −0.18, 0.30, P = 0.55 | −0.70, 0.30, P = 0.02. | 0.36 | −0.33, 0.29, P = 0.26 | −0.31, 0.33, P = 0.34 | −0.46, 0.32, P = 0.15 | 0.94 | −0.31, 0.28, P = 0.26 | −0.82, 0.32, P = 0.01 | 0.05, 0.36, P = 0.88 | 0.17 |
| FT dominant hand | 1222 | 0.06, 0.08, P = 0.43 | 0.04, 0.07, P = 0.57 | −0.08, 0.07, P = 0.24 | 0.31 | 0.02, 0.07, P = 0.81 | 0.03, 0.07, P = 0.71 | −0.03, 0.07, P = 0.64 | 0.82 | 0.03, 0.06, P = 0.62 | −0.10, 0.07, F= 0.16 | 0.09, 0.08, P = 0.26 | 0.17 |
| FT nondominant hand | 1223 | −0.06, 0.07, P = 0.39 | 0.08, 0.06, P = 0.17 | −0.14, 0.06, P = 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.02, 0.06, P = 0.75 | −0.01, 0.07, P = 0.85 | −0.12, 0.06, P = 0.07 | 0.27 | −0.04, 0.06, P = 0.51 | −0.04, 0.06, P = 0.51 | −0.02, 0.07, P = 0.82 | 0.96 |
| Square root, SCQ total | 1227 | −0.01, 0.01, P = 0.29 | −0.01, 0.01, P = 0.14 | −0.01, 0.01, P = 0.27 | 0.97 | −0.02, 0.01, P = 0.03 | −0.00, 0.01, P = 0.67 | −0.01, 0.01, P = 0.34 | 0.50 | −0.03, 0.01, P < 0.005 | −0.00, 0.01, P = 0.99 | −0.01, 0.01, P = 0.65 | 0.13 |
| Square root, SRS-2 total | 1235 | −0.00, 0.02, P = 0.91 | −0.00, 0.02, P = 0.82 | 0.00, 0.02, P = 0.88 | 0.96 | −0.01, 0.02, P = 0.53 | 0.01, 0.02, P = 0.75 | 0.00, 0.02, P = 0.91 | 0.78 | −0.01, 0.02, P = 0.36 | 0.01, 0.02, P = 0.72 | 0.00, 0.02, P = 0.82 | 0.62 |
Regression analysis was performed for each outcome separately. Beta values are estimated regression coefficients. B and SE values are expressed as change in outcome per interquartile range increase in exposure (3.75 ppm). The P values have not been adjusted for multiple comparisons. P values are considered statistically significant when P < 0.0029. Abbreviations: BNT, Boston Naming Test; CBCL, Child Behavior Checklist; CELF-5, Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals–5; FD, following directions; FT, finger tapping; KBIT-2, Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test 2; LC, linguistic concepts; MeHg, methylmercury; RS, recalling sentences; SC, sentence comprehension; SCQ, Social Communication Questionnaire; SRS-2, Social Responsiveness Scale 2; USP, understanding spoken paragraphs; WJ-III, Woodcock-Johnson Test of Scholastic Achievement–III.
Models shown were adjusted for maternal age, maternal IQ, child age, child sex, Hollingshead socioeconomic status, and family status. CELF-5 outcomes are also adjusted for interviewer. Models including the n-3 by MeHg interaction were additionally adjusted for n-6 PUFA, and models including the n-6 by MeHg interaction were additionally adjusted for n-3 PUFA. Serum concentrations for the tertiles were as follows: high n-3 PUFAs, >0.308 mg/mL; medium n-3 PUFAs, 0.228–0.308 mg/mL; low n-3 PUFAs, <0.228 mg/mL; high n-6 PUFAs, >1.208 mg/mL; medium n-6 PUFAs, 0.962–1.208 mg/mL; low n-6 PUFAs, <0.962 mg/mL; high n-6/n-3, >4.496; medium n-6/n-3, 3.523–4.496; low n-6/n-3, <3.523.