Table 2.

Examples of studies for all major task and mentalizing categories

Authors	Year	Stimulus modality	General category	Mentalizing content	Stimuli of main condition	Task or instructions	Contrast (>) or regression
Groen	2010	Auditory	Mentalizing	Social Meaning	Human actions (Hmethod > 80%)	Detecting sentences with pseudowords	Normal sentence > Speech-like noise
Johnston	2013	Visual (Pictures/Video)	Mentalizing	Emotion Attributions	Facial emotional expressions	Making emotion judgment (Fear/Surprised) or gender judgment (Female/Male).	Categorizing emotion > Gender
Jack	2015	Visual (Animations)	Mentalizing	Social Animations	Shape motion (goal-directed and social)	Passively watching shapes moving in goal-directed or social ways (e.g. chasing other, fighting, dancing together, hiding).	Goal-directed > Random motion
Spunt	2011	Visual (Videos)	Mentalizing	Goals	Human actions	Answering questions about: ‘what/why/how is the agent doing’	Why > What > How questions
Lewis (Exp. 2)	2017	Verbal	Mentalizing	Beliefs	Human actions	Answering questions about agents who have different beliefs about other agents	Belief > Facts
Schneider	2013	Visual	Mentalizing	Morality	Human actions (moral dilemma)	Judging a solution related to individual gain vs collective losses	Individual vs collective moral dilemma > control
Fukushima	2013	Visual and Auditory	Mentalizing	Causality	Square changes in positions and color	Judging self-agency, whether changes in a target are caused by own actions	Movements caused by self > not caused by self
Servaas	2015	Visual (Videos)	Mentalizing	Dilemmas	Self-decision	Accepting or rejecting monetary proposals by opponent.	Unfair > Fair rejection (for unfair proposals)
Nawa	2014	Verbal	Mentalizing	Autobiographies	Autobiographic memories	Retrieving memories of negative or positive events in personal lives	Autobiographic memory > Counting control
Matsunaga	2017	Verbal and Visual (Pictures)	Mentalizing	Imaginations	Human actions	Imaging life events experienced alone or with a friend, and rating happiness	With friend > Alone
Debbane	2017	Verbal	Mentalizing	Traits	Trait adjectives	Attributing positive or negative traits to self or best (same-sex) friend	Trait judgments > Counting syllables control
Engen	2015	Visual (Videos)	Emotional	—	Human actions	Rating positive and negative emotions about distressing and neutral video clips while implementing a Reappraisal or Compassion regulation technique.	Emotion regulation: Reappraisal > Compassion
Seghier	2011	Verbal/Visual	Semantic	—	Words/Pictures (Hexample = 0%)	Indicating which item (word/picture) is most semantically related to target item	Semantic > Perceptual matching
de Diego Balaguer	2006	Verbal	Linguistic	—	Regular and Irregular verbs	Producing the present tense form of the verb or repeating the infinitive form	Nonce verb inflection > Irregular verb inflection
Fogel	2014	Visual	Motor	—	Finger tapping	Performing a motor sequence by tapping the fingers	Motor sequence training
Beudel	2009	Visual (Animations)	Motor perception	—	Ball movements	Judging the speed of a ball moving or the place where ball disappears	Speed > Place at stop
Evans	2002	Somatosensory	Somatosensory	—	Urge to breath (Air hunger)	Rating urge to breath	Urge to breath
Mutschler	2007	Auditory	Music	—	Melodies (Piano)	Listening to melodies that were played or listened to earlier multiple times	Number of trials needed to learn melodies
Liu	2006	Visual	Cognitive	—	Stroop task	Identifying ink color while ignoring the meaning of same/different colored words	One-word (same) > Four-word (different) Stroop task

H = Percentage of human or humanized animals in the stimulus material based on the information provided (source indicated by subscript).