Table 3.
Bivariate analysis of relapse among patients with substance use disorders (N = 391)
| Characteristics | Relapse | Odds ratio | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes | No | Total | OR | 95 % CI | p-value | |
| Age of the respondents | 0.6 | |||||
| 18–30 | 130 | 82 | 212 | Ref. | . | |
| 31–40 | 52 | 36 | 88 | 1.1 | (0.6–1.8) | |
| 41–50 | 35 | 22 | 57 | 0.9 | (0.5–1.8) | |
| 51–81 | 17 | 17 | 34 | 1.5 | (0.7–3.2) | |
| Sex | 0.9 | |||||
| Female | 37 | 25 | 62 | Ref. | ||
| Male | 197 | 132 | 329 | 0.9 | (0.5–1.7) | |
| Marital Status | 0.7 | |||||
| Married/Cohabiting | 41 | 29 | 70 | Ref. | ||
| Single | 184 | 124 | 308 | 0.9 | (0.5–1.6) | |
| Separated/Widow/Divorced | 9 | 4 | 13 | 0.6 | (0.17–2.2) | |
| Level of education | 0.1 | |||||
| Less than secondary | 11 | 10 | 21 | Ref. | ||
| Secondary level | 117 | 92 | 209 | 0.8 | (0.3–2.1) | |
| University level | 106 | 55 | 161 | 0.5 | (0.2–1.4) | |
| Occupation | 0.8 | |||||
| No occupation/agriculture work | 60 | 44 | 104 | Ref. | ||
| Professional | 44 | 31 | 75 | 0.9 | (0.5–1.7) | |
| Sales services/ domestic work | 15 | 12 | 27 | 1.1 | (0.4–2.5) | |
| Student | 115 | 70 | 185 | 0.8 | (0.5–1.3) | |
| Religion | 0.2 | |||||
| Catholic | 146 | 86 | 232 | Ref. | ||
| Protestant/Adventist | 77 | 62 | 139 | 1.3 | (0.8–2.1) | |
| Muslim | 7 | 3 | 10 | 0.7 | (0.1–2.8) | |
| No Religion | 4 | 6 | 10 | 2.5 | (0.6–9.2) | |
| Residence | 0.3 | |||||
| City of Kigali | 186 | 119 | 305 | Ref. | ||
| Eastern Province | 14 | 12 | 26 | 1.3 | (0.5 2.9) | |
| Northern Province | 5 | 1 | 6 | 0.3 | (0.03–2.7) | |
| Southern Province | 17 | 9 | 26 | 0.8 | (0.3–1.9) | |
| Western Province | 4 | 4 | 8 | 1.5 | (0.3–6.3) | |
| Foreigners | 8 | 12 | 20 | 2.3 | (0.9–5.9) | |
| Parental status | 0.01** | |||||
| All alive | 129 | 78 | 207 | Ref. | ||
| No Parents | 59 | 32 | 91 | 0.8 | (0.5–1.4) | |
| Only mother alive | 37 | 39 | 76 | 1.7 | (1.02–2.9) | |
| Only father alive | 9 | 8 | 17 | 1.4 | (0.5–3.9) | |
| Hospitalization time | 0.01** | |||||
| Between three and twelve months | 1 | 6 | 7 | Ref. | ||
| Between one and three months | 233 | 151 | 384 | 9.2 | (1.1–77.6) | |
| Number different substances used | 0.008** | |||||
| One substance | 73 | 62 | 135 | Ref. | ||
| Two/three substances | 141 | 71 | 212 | 0.5 | (0.3–0.9) | |
| Four substances and above | 20 | 24 | 44 | 1.4 | (0.7–2.7) | |
| Peer group pressure | < 0.001* | |||||
| No | 31 | 43 | 74 | Ref. | ||
| Yes | 203 | 114 | 317 | 0.4 | (0.2–0.6) | |
| Accessibility | 0.07 | |||||
| No | 62 | 55 | 117 | Ref. | ||
| Yes | 172 | 102 | 274 | 0.6 | (0.4–1.03) | |
| Type of accessibility | 0.03** | |||||
| None | 62 | 55 | 117 | Ref. | ||
| Geographical/financial accessibility | 136 | 79 | 215 | 0.6 | (0.4–1.03) | |
| Geographical accessibility | 35 | 18 | 53 | 0.5 | (0.2–1.1) | |
| Financial accessibility | 1 | 5 | 6 | 5.6 | (0.6–49.7) | |
| Stressful influence | < 0.001* | |||||
| No | 28 | 66 | 94 | Ref. | ||
| Yes | 206 | 91 | 297 | 0.1 | (0.1–0.3) | |
| Social problems (stress) | < 0.001* | |||||
| None | 28 | 66 | 94 | Ref. | ||
| Poverty | 30 | 22 | 52 | 0.3 | (0.1–0.6) | |
| Family conflict | 124 | 29 | 153 | 2.1 | (1.1–7.1) | |
| Inoccupation | 48 | 33 | 81 | 0.2 | (0.1–0.5) | |
| Others | 4 | 7 | 11 | 0.7 | (0.2–2.7) | |
| Psychiatric illness | 0.3 | |||||
| No | 191 | 131 | 322 | Ref. | ||
| Yes | 43 | 26 | 69 | 0.9 | (0.5–1.6) | |
| Medical condition | 0.8 | |||||
| No | 226 | 151 | 377 | Ref. | ||
| Yes | 8 | 6 | 14 | 1.1 | (0.3–3.3) | |
| Type of medical condition | 0.9 | |||||
| None | 226 | 151 | 377 | Ref. | ||
| Chronic diseases | 6 | 5 | 11 | 1.2 | (0.3–4.1) | |
| Acute diseases | 2 | 1 | 3 | 0.7 | (0.1–8.3) | |
This table indicates a bivariate logistic regression analyses for determining the association between relapse and socio-demographic characteristics and medical factors collected from the medical files of the admitted patients at Icyizere Rehabilitation Centre. The confidence intervals (95 %) were computed. Thus, statistically significant results when using odds ratio corrected p-values at 0.05 and 0.01.
(*) indicates significant level at 1 % and (**) at 5 %; Ref: Reference group or comparable group; OR: Odds ratio