Table 1.

Characteristics of included studies

Study Characteristics	No. (%) of studies (n = 55)
Year
2000–2009 [32–37]	6 (11)
2010–2014 [38–52]	15 (27)
2015–2019 [53–86]	34 (62)
Study Type
Quasi-experimental [38, 41, 68]	3 (5)
Cohort [49, 65]	2 (4)
Cross-sectional [36, 39, 43, 53, 62–64, 77, 81–83]	11 (20)
Mixed methods [37, 45, 46, 48, 57, 60, 69, 71, 72, 75, 80, 85, 86]	13 (23)
Qualitative [33, 42, 44, 47, 50, 56, 59, 61, 66, 67, 73, 74, 76, 78, 79, 84]	16 (30)
Case study [32, 34, 35, 40, 51, 52, 54, 55, 58, 70]	10 (18)
WHO Region
Americas	0
African [33, 36, 41, 53, 59, 62, 67, 68, 81, 85, 86]	11 (20)
European [64, 82]	2 (4)
South-East Asia [35, 38, 44, 45, 49, 51, 60, 73]	8 (14)
Eastern Mediterranean [32, 37, 39, 40, 42, 46–48, 52, 55, 56, 61, 63, 65, 66, 69–71, 74, 75, 77–80, 83]	25 (45)
Western Pacific [34, 84]	2 (4)
Multiple Regions [43, 50, 54, 57, 58, 72, 76]	7 (13)
Setting
Conflict-affected (including IDPs and cross-boarder migrants) [32–34, 36, 37, 39–42, 44, 47–59, 61, 63–71, 73–75, 77–80, 82–86]	45 (82)
Refugee settlements [43, 45, 46, 60, 62, 72, 76, 81]	8 (14)
Natural disaster [35, 38]	2 (4)
Population Type
Women and/or children [34, 43, 45, 48, 49, 57, 60, 66, 68, 70, 71, 75, 77–79]	15 (27)
Refugees/IDPs/conflict-affected cross-boarder migrants [32, 33, 35, 36, 38, 50, 62, 65, 67, 69, 72, 73, 80–84]	17 (31)
Health care providers [40, 42, 44, 46, 51, 56, 58, 61, 64, 74, 76]	11 (20)
General population [37, 39, 41, 52, 53, 55, 85, 86]	8 (14)
Patients and providers [47, 54, 59, 63]	4 (8)