Table 6.

OLS regression of base and alternative model wealth index quintiles with log of household expenditures and education level (beta coefficients reported, chi², and p values for Wald tests comparing coefficients derived from base and comparison models). Base model contains only binary cell phone data, alternative wealth index (alt WI) model 1 adds binary smartphone ownership, alt WI model 2 adds binary mobile data, alt WI 3 adds number of cell phones, alt WI 4 adds number of cell phones and number of smartphones (for polychoric PCA alternate model 4 only, binary cell phone was dropped from analysis to allow model to converge), alt WI 5 adds binary smartphone ownership and mobile data, and the full model has data on the number of cell phones, number of smartphones, and mobile data. All analyses are reported for both PCA-derived and polychoric PCA-derived wealth indices

	PCA										Polychoric PCA
	Expenditure					Education					Expenditure					Education
Quintile	1	2	3	4	5	1	2	3	4	5	1	2	3	4	5	1	2	3	4	5
Base WI	-	0.61	0.87	1.06	1.26	-	0.13	0.26	0.17	0.11	-	0.65	0.98	1.13	1.66	-	0.04	0.08	0.09	0.79
Alt WI 1	-	0.63	0.85	1.07	1.34	-	0.11	0.21	0.21	0.20	-	0.69	0.93	1.18	1.66	-	0.05	0.06	0.11	0.80
Chi2	-	0.77	0.43	0.34	18.27**	-	0.95	2.56	1.03	15.09**	-	1.90	4.00	2.92	0.02	-	0.70	4.37*	1.56	0.30
p value	-	0.38	0.51	0.56	0.00	-	0.33	0.11	0.31	0.00	-	0.17	0.05	0.09	0.88	-	0.40	0.04	0.21	0.58
Alt WI 2	-	0.62	0.86	1.09	1.31	-	0.09	0.19	0.24	0.17	-	0.57	0.90	1.10	1.59	-	0.04	0.06	0.10	0.80
Chi2	-	0.34	0.19	2.74	14.15**	-	3.41	3.86	3.71	10.82**	-	2.45	4.48*	0.97	4.01	-	0.09	3.41	0.37	0.22
p value	-	0.56	0.66	0.10	0.00	-	0.07	0.05	0.05	0.00	-	0.12	0.03	0.33	0.05	-	0.76	0.06	0.54	0.64
Alt WI 3	-	0.66	0.85	1.12	1.40	-	0.06	0.21	0.24	0.20	-	0.64	0.93	1.21	1.62	-	0.04	0.05	0.09	0.77
Chi2	-	2.18	0.51	3.22	32.79**	-	6.73*	1.83	2.48	11.65**	-	0.02	2.27	4.60*	1.62	-	0.15	6.12*	0.20	1.44
p value	-	0.14	0.47	0.07	0.00	-	0.01	0.18	0.12	0.00	-	0.88	0.13	0.03	0.20	-	0.70	0.01	0.66	0.23
Alt WI 4	-	0.68	0.86	1.15	1.53	-	0.03	0.09	0.18	0.44	-	0.67	0.94	1.23	1.64	-	0.03	0.06	0.08	0.77
Chi2	-	2.31	0.07	4.46*	47.70**	-	8.46**	10.61**	0.09	44.80**	-	0.13	1.25	5.75*	0.19	-	0.62	1.88	0.01	0.84
p value	-	0.13	0.79	0.03	0.00	-	0.00	0.00	0.77	0.00	-	0.72	0.26	0.02	0.66	-	0.43	0.17	0.93	0.36
Alt WI 5	-	0.67	0.84	1.10	1.46	-	0.06	0.16	0.16	0.37	-	0.63	0.89	1.12	1.63	-	0.04	0.04	0.10	0.80
Chi2	-	3.02	1.05	1.15	43.10**	-	4.83*	4.93*	0.05	34.71**	-	0.12	4.58*	0.07	0.63	-	0.08	6.28*	0.37	0.50
p value	-	0.10	0.30	0.28	0.00	-	0.03	0.03	0.82	0.00	-	0.73	0.03	0.80	0.43	-	0.78	0.01	0.54	0.48
Full WI	-	0.64	0.85	1.12	1.55	-	0.04	0.08	0.14	0.57	-	0.66	0.92	1.21	1.64	-	0.04	0.06	0.10	0.79
Chi2	-	0.43	0.16	1.70	43.57**	-	4.98*	11.38**	0.26	68.76**	-	0.09	2.67	3.47	0.21	-	0.14	2.20	0.19	0.00
p value	-	0.51	0.69	0.19	0.00	-	0.03	0.00	0.61	0.00	-	0.77	0.10	0.06	0.65	-	0.71	0.14	0.67	0.99

* denotes statistical significance at the p < 0.05 level

** denotes statistical significance at the p <0.01 level