Table 1.
Some studies related to anti-angiogenic properties of melatonin
| Study | Model | Outcome | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|
| HUVECs-human neuroblastoma cells SH-SY5Y co-culture in a paracrine and juxtacrine manner | In vitro | Paracrine VEGF↓, Tubulogenesis↓, Migration of HUVECs↓ | [52] |
| Combined effect of ionizing radiation and melatonin on HUVECs and MCF-7 | In vivo and in vitro | VEGF↓, ANG-1↓, and -2↓ , HUVECs survival↓, Migration↓, Tubulogenesis↓, Estrogen biosynthesis↓, VE-cadherin↓, Chorioallantoic membrane angiogenesis assay↓ | [53] |
| Effect of Melatonin on VEGF-exposed HUVECs | In vitro | VEGFR-2 phosphorylation↓, PLCγ1 phosphorylation↓, pAkt/Akt ratio↓, p-eNOS/eNOS ratio↓, | [54] |
| Effect of melatonin on Dalton’s lymphoma angiogenesis potential | In vitro and in vivo | Dalton’s lymphoma-induced endothelial cells proliferation↓, Migration↓, Chick chorioallantoic membrane angiogenesis↓, Mouse mesentery peri-vascularization↓, TIMP3↑, VEGF↓, VEGFR↓, FGF↓ | [55] |
| Effect of melatonin on hypoxic PC-3 prostate cancer cells | In vitro | miRNA3195↑ and miRNA374b↑, HIF-1α↓, HIF-2α↓, VEGF↓, | [56] |
| Effect of melatonin on tumor cells under normal condition | In vitro | phospho-STAT3↓ and CBP/p300↓, VEGFR2↓, HIF-1α↓ | [57] |
| Effect of melatonin on hypoxic HepG2 hepatic cancer cells | In vitro | p-STAT3/STAT3↓, HIF-1α↓, VEGF↓, CBP/p300↓,Tubulogenesis↓, | [58] |
| Effect of melatonin on SGC-7901 gastric cancer cells | In vivo and in vitro | VEGF secretion↓, RZR/RORγ↓, SUMO-specific protease↓, HIF-1α↓ | [59] |
| Combined effect of Melatonin and Docetaxel and Vinorelbine on angiogenesis | In vitro and in vivo | VEGF-B↓, VEGF-C↓, VEGFR-1↓, VEGFR-3↓, ANG1↓, ANG-2↓, VE-cadherin↓, Chick chorioallantoic membrane angiogenesis↓ | [60] |
| Effect of melatonin on angiogenesis potential of MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cells | In vivo and in vitro | miR-152-3p↑, IGFR↓, VEGF↓, HIF-1α↓ | [61] |
HUVECs Human umbilical vein endothelial cells, VEGF Vascular endothelial growth factor, ANG-1 and 2 Angiopoietin-1 and -2, Vascular endothelial-cadherin: VE-cadherin, PLCγ1 Phospholipase Cγ1, Endothelial nitric oxide synthase: eNOS, TIMP-3 Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-3, VEGR: Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor, FGF Fibroblast growth factors, HIF-1 and 2α Hypoxia-inducible factor1α and 2α, STAT3 Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, CBP CREB-binding protein, ROR RAR-related orphan receptor gamma, SUMO Small ubiquitin-like modifier