Table 1.
Baseline characteristic comparison of 83,732 participants according to alcohol consumption
| Alcohol consumption, g/wk | 0 | 1–25 | 26–150 | 151–350 | 351–750 | > 750 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 58,706 | n = 9258 | n = 5024 | n = 4520 | n = 5522 | n = 702 | |
| Age, y | 52.12 ± 12.3 | 46.4 ± 13.3 | 48.5 ± 12.3 | 54.5 ± 12.3 | 50.4 ± 9.1 | 50.5 ± 8.7 |
| Men, % | 69.3 | 94.4 | 98.6 | 99.7 | 99.9 | 100.0 |
| Socio-economic status | ||||||
| Marriage, % | ||||||
| Single | 1.2 | 5.3 | 1.9 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 |
| First marriage | 95.2 | 90.9 | 93.8 | 95.2 | 95.1 | 94.7 |
| Other | 3.6 | 3.8 | 4.3 | 4.5 | 4.6 | 5.0 |
| Education, % | ||||||
| Elementary school or below | 9.2 | 8.9 | 11.7 | 18.5 | 14.3 | 17.2 |
| Middle or high school | 86.0 | 73.5 | 73.2 | 78.3 | 82.1 | 79.1 |
| College or above | 4.8 | 17.6 | 15.1 | 3.2 | 3.6 | 3.7 |
| Occupation type, % | ||||||
| Coal miner | 20.4 | 48.7 | 48.3 | 53.6 | 59.2 | 53.2 |
| Blue-collar worker | 73.9 | 40.3 | 41.0 | 41.9 | 37.2 | 43.4 |
| White-collar worker | 5.7 | 11.0 | 10.7 | 4.5 | 3.6 | 3.4 |
| Household income per capita, % | ||||||
| < 500 CNY/month | 21.8 | 40.1 | 37.1 | 43.3 | 45.7 | 47.7 |
| 501–1000 CNY /month | 73.5 | 47.9 | 50.0 | 50.2 | 46.6 | 42.3 |
| > 1000 CNY /month | 4.7 | 12.0 | 12.9 | 6.5 | 7.7 | 10.0 |
| Lifestyle | ||||||
| Beverage types, % | ||||||
| Wine | – | 0.4 | 0.07 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Beer | – | 44.2 | 17.4 | 1.3 | 0.7 | 1.0 |
| Hard liquor | – | 53.3 | 82.2 | 99.8 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
| Smoking status, % | ||||||
| Never | 82.0 | 30.9 | 20.4 | 16.6 | 11.1 | 10.0 |
| Past | 3.7 | 9.6 | 8.9 | 7.0 | 5.5 | 4.7 |
| Current | 14.3 | 59.5 | 70.7 | 76.4 | 83.4 | 85.3 |
| Physical exercise, % | ||||||
| < 1 times/week | 5.2 | 14.0 | 15.9 | 14.9 | 19.8 | 22.7 |
| 1–3 times/week | 82.5 | 67.0 | 65.0 | 56.2 | 62.7 | 51.8 |
| > 4 times/week | 12.3 | 19.0 | 19.1 | 28.9 | 17.5 | 25.5 |
| Sodium intake, % | ||||||
| < 6 g/day | 7.0 | 13.9 | 12.9 | 13.0 | 12.5 | 10.1 |
| 6–9.9 g/day | 86.3 | 70.0 | 69.1 | 66.3 | 65.1 | 57.4 |
| > 10 /day | 6.7 | 16.1 | 18.0 | 20.7 | 22.4 | 32.5 |
| Medication | ||||||
| Anti-hypertension drugs | 9.3 | 11.2 | 13.1 | 13.8 | 13.0 | 16.5 |
| Anti-diabetes drugs | 2.4 | 2.2 | 2.3 | 1.9 | 1.4 | 1.4 |
| Lipid-lowering drugs | 0.7 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.9 |
| Clinical measurements | ||||||
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 25.0 ± 3.6 | 25.0 ± 3.4 | 25.5 ± 3.5 | 24.8 ± 3.2 | 25.1 ± 3.2 | 25.2 ± 3.3 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 131 ± 21 | 126 ± 19 | 129 ± 20 | 136 ± 21 | 135 ± 20 | 134 ± 21 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 83 ± 12 | 82 ± 11 | 83 ± 12 | 86 ± 12 | 87 ± 12 | 86 ± 12 |
| Fasting blood glucose, mmol/L | 5.48 ± 1.75 | 5.39 ± 1.47 | 5.52 ± 1.63 | 5.50 ± 1.48 | 5.56 ± 1.52 | 5.61 ± 1.57 |
| HDL-C, mmol/L | 1.56 ± 0.40 | 1.47 ± 0.37 | 1.51 ± 0.38 | 1.59 ± 0.41 | 1.62 ± 0.41 | 1.58 ± 0.40 |
| LDL-C, mmol/L | 2.28 ± 0.89 | 2.48 ± 0.79 | 2.52 ± 0.86 | 2.51 ± 0.90 | 2.56 ± 0.90 | 2.59 ± 0.91 |
| Uric acid, mmol/L | 275 ± 79 | 307 ± 82 | 318 ± 86 | 316 ± 87 | 318 ± 88 | 324 ± 86 |
| hs-CRP, mg/L | 0.80 (0.30, 2.20) | 0.71 (0.30, 1.72) | 0.80 (0.30, 1.90) | 0.79 (0.31, 1.90) | 0.72 (0.30, 1.80) | 0.89 (0.39, 2.01) |
Values are mean ± standard deviation, median with interquartile range, or frequency (percent)
CNY Chinese yuan, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, FBG fasting blood glucose, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, hs-CRP high-sensitivity C-reactive protein