Table 11.
Multivariable linear regression model for visual acuity in patients with diabetes.
| Factor | Estimate | 95% CI | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intercept | 83.76 | 68.81 | 98.71 | <0.001 |
| Age (years) | 0.01 | −0.24 | 0.26 | 0.930 |
| Gender: female (vs male) | 0.53 | −3.35 | 4.42 | 0.785 |
| Diabetes diagnosis: Type 1 (vs Type 2) | 4.11 | −1.80 | 10.03 | 0.170 |
| Hemoglobin A1c (%)* | −0.02 | −1.08 | 1.03 | 0.965 |
| Insulin use | 0.92 | −3.29 | 5.14 | 0.664 |
| Diabetic retinopathy stage | ||||
| Mild/Moderate nonproliferative (vs none) | 1.27 | −3.49 | 6.03 | 0.597 |
| Proliferative (vs none) | −5.29 | −10.79 | 0.22 | 0.060 |
| Clinically significant macular edema | −5.85 | −14.02 | 2.32 | 0.158 |
| FPF intensity | 0.06 | −0.08 | 0.20 | 0.417 |
| FPF heterogeneity | −13.23 | −18.67 | −7.79 | <0.001 |
Estimates denote the predicted change in visual acuity (ETDRS letters) for a 1 unit increase of a numeric factor, or for that factor level relative to reference level of a categorical factor. *Data not available for all patients. Missing values: hemoglobin A1c = 24.
Statistically significant values are bolded and italicized.
FPF flavoprotein fluorescence, CI confidence interval.