Table 3.
Studies of the gut microbiome in AILD patients
| Study | Country | Samples | Groups | Method | Certain AILD-enriched Taxa | Controls-enriched Taxa |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AIH | ||||||
| Wei et al.159 | China | Stool | AIH (91) vs. HC (98) | 16S rRNA | Veillonella, Klebsiella, Streptococcus, Lactobacillus | Clostridiales, RF39, Ruminococcaceae, Rikenellaceae, Oscillospira, Parabacteroides, Coprococcus |
| Liwinski et al.160 | Germany | Stool | AIH (72) vs. HC (95) vs. PBC (99) vs. UC (81) | 16S rRNA | Veillonella, Klebsiella, Streptococcus | Faecalibacterium and Bifidobacterium |
| PBC | ||||||
| Lv et al.161 | China | Stool | PBC (42) vs. HC (30) | 16S rRNA | Proteobacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, Neisseriaceae, Spirochaetaceae, Veillonella, Streptococcus, Klebsiella, Actinobacillus, Anaeroglobus, Enterobacter, Haemophilus, Megasphaera, Paraprevotella | Acidobacteria, Lachnobacterium, Bacteroides and Ruminococcus |
| Tang et al.162 | China | Stool |
Treatment-naïve PBC(60) vs. HC (80) Treatment-naïve PBC vs. UDCA-treated PBC (37, longitudinal) |
16S rRNA | Haemophilus, Veillonella, Clostridium, Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, Enterobacteriaceae | Oscillospira, Faecalibacterium, Sutterlla and Bacteroides |
| Furukawa et al.165 | Japan | Stool |
PBC (76) vs. HC (23) UDCA responder (43) vs. UDCA non-responder (30) |
16S rRNA | Lactobacillales | Clostridiales |
| PSC | ||||||
| Rossen et al.170 | Netherland | Mucosa | PSC-IBD (12) vs. UC (11) vs. HC (9) | 16S rRNA | / | Clostridiales II |
| Kevans et al.171 | Canada and Norway | Mucosa | PSC-UC (31) vs. UC (56) | 16S rRNA | / | / |
| Torres et al.172 | USA | Mucosa | PSC (20, 19 with IBD) vs. IBD (15, 13 with UC and 2 with CD) vs. HC (9) | 16S rRNA | Barnesiellaceae, Blautia, Ruminococcus | / |
| Quraishi et al.173 | UK | Mucosa | PSC-IBD (11) vs. IBD (10) vs. HC (9) | 16S rRNA | Lachnospiraceae, Escherichia, Megasphera | Prevotella, Roseburia, Bacteroides |
| Pereira et al.169 | Finland | Bile | PSC (80) vs. controls (46) | 16S rRNA | Streptrococcus | Bacteroides |
| Kummen et al.166 | Norway | Stool | PSC (85, 55 with IBD) vs. UC (36) vs. HC (263) | 16S rRNA | Viellonella | Coproccoccus, Phascolarctobacterium, Lachnospiraceae, Christensenellaceae |
| Sabino et al.168 | Belgium | Stool | PSC (52, 39 with IBD) vs. UC (13) vs. CD (30) vs. HC (52) | 16S rRNA | Veillonella, Streptococcus, Enterococcus, Lactobacillus, Fusobacterium | / |
| Iwasawa et al.174 | Japan | Stool | PSC (13, all pediatric-onset) vs. UC (15) vs. HC (23) | 16S rRNA | Veillonella, Streptococcus, Enterococcus | / |
| Bajer et al.175 | Czech | Stool | PSC (43, 32 with IBD) vs. IBD (32) vs. HC (31) | 16S rRNA | Veillonella, Rothia, Streptococcus, Enterococcus | Coprococcus |
| Torres et al.176 | USA and Portugal | Stool | PSC-IBD (15) vs. IBD (15) | 16S rRNA | Ruminococcus, Fusobacterium | Blautia, Roseburia, Veillonella, Doria |
| Rühlemann et al.167 | Germany and Norway | Stool | PSC (73, 38 with IBD) vs. UC (88) vs. HC (98) | 16S rRNA | Veillonella, Streptococcus, Enterococcus, Lactobacillus, Parabacterioides, Gammaproteobacteria | Coprococcus |
| Lemoinne et al.29 | France | Stool | PSC (49, 27 with IBD) vs. IBD (33) vs. HC (30) | 16S rRNA and ITS | Exophiala (fungal), Veillonella, Sphingomonadaceae, Alphaproteobacteria, Rhizobiales | S. Cereviseae (fungal), Ruminococcus, Ruminiclostridium, Faecalibacterium, Lachnoclostridium, Blautia |