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. 2020 Nov 11;27(12):3386–3388. doi: 10.1038/s41418-020-00663-1

Fig. 1. Model of the Atg2 and Atg9-mediated lipid transfer from the ER to the isolation membrane for expansion.

Fig. 1

During autophagosome formation, the Atg2–Atg18 complex and Atg9 localize at the expanding edge of the isolation membrane and make contact with the ERES in the ER. Atg2 transfers phospholipids from the ER to the cytoplasmic leaflet of the isolation membrane, which are then distributed to the luminal leaflet by the scramblase activity of Atg9, enabling the expansion of isolation membranes.