Table 1.
Characteristics of the entire study population and according to gender before lockdown (T0) and after lockdown (T1)
| Males (n = 131, 55, 7%) | Females (n = 102, 44, 3%) | Total (n = 233) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Before lockdown (T0) | After lockdown (T1) | p | Before lockdown (T0) | After lockdown (T1) | p | Before lockdown (T0) | After lockdown (T1) | p | |
| Age (y) | 14.3 (4.3) | 14.6 (4.3) | < 0.001 | 13.5 (4.5) | 13.8 (4.5) | < 0.001 | 13.9 (4.4) | 14.3 (4.4) | < 0.001 |
| T1D duration (y) | 6.9 (4.6) | 7.2 (4.6) | < 0.001 | 6.9 (4.1) | 7.2 (4.1) | < 0.001 | 6.9 (4.4) | 7.2 (4.4) | < 0.001 |
| Height (cm) | 159.2 (20.2) | 160.5 (19.6) | < 0.001 | 151.1 (19.7) | 151.6 (19.4) | 0.395 | 155.7 (20.4) | 156.6 (20.0) | < 0.001 |
| Weight (kg) | 55.6 (20.2) | 56.5 (20.0) | < 0.001 | 49.6 (17.1) | 51.0 (17.0) | < 0.001 | 53.0 (19.1) | 54.1 (19.0) | < 0.001 |
| BMI | 21.0 (3.8) | 21.1 (3.8) | 0.373 | 20.9 (3.7) | 21.5 (4.6) | < 0.05 | 20.9 (3.8) | 21.3 (4.2) | < 0.05 |
| BMI-SDS | 0.56 (0.89) | 0.52 (0.92) | 0.292 | 0.58 (0.84) | 0.68 (0.91) | < 0.05 | 0.57 (0.87) | 0.59 (0.92) | 0.438 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 107.2 (11.1) | 112.9 (12.0) | < 0.001 | 106.3 (10.4) | 108.7 (11.4) | < 0.05 | 106.8 (10.8) | 111.1 (11.9) | < 0.001 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 67.6 (7.7) | 71.3 (8.0) | < 0.001 | 68.5 (8.3) | 69.2 (9.4) | 0.402 | 68.0 (7.9) | 70.4 (8.6) | < 0.001 |
| Total insulin (IU/d) | 46.3 (23.6) | 46.8 (21.4) | 0.519 | 42.2 (19.8) | 42.9 (17.8) | 0.462 | 44.5 (22.1) | 45.1 (20.0) | 0.330 |
| Basal insulin (IU/d) | 21.7 (12.0) | 21.8 (10.9) | 0.742 | 21.1 (9.3) | 22.3 (10.2) | < 0.05 | 21.4 (10.9) | 22.0 (10.6) | 0.087 |
| Prandial insulin (IU/d) | 24.4 (14.5) | 25.1 (13.3) | 0.327 | 21.1 (12.7) | 21.2 (11.7) | 0.911 | 23.0 (13.8) | 23.4 (12.7) | 0.421 |
| Total insulin (IU/Kg/d) | 0.80 (0.25) | 0.81 (0.21) | 0.497 | 0.84 (0.25) | 0.84 (0.24) | 0.785 | 0.82 (0.25) | 0.83 (0.23) | 0.507 |
| HbA1c (%) | 7.78 (0.89) | 7.40 (0.80) | < 0.001 | 7.88 (0.78) | 7.49 (0.86) | < 0.001 | 7.82 (0.84) | 7.44 (0.83) | < 0.001 |
| GMI (%) | 7.61 (0.85) | 7.39 (0.73) | < 0.001 | 7.58 (0.61) | 7.35 (0.66) | < 0.001 | 7.60 (0.75) | 7.37 (0.70) | < 0.001 |
| Time < 54 mg/dl (%) | 0.89 (1.37) | 0.99 (1.90) | 0.556 | 1.05 (1.87) | 0.92 (1.58) | 0.443 | 0.96 (1.60) | 0.96 (1.76) | 1.000 |
| TBR (%) | 2.95 (2.12) | 2.95 (2.61) | 1.000 | 2.77 (2.90) | 2.89 (2.54) | 0.677 | 2.87 (2.49) | 2.92 (2.57) | 0.766 |
| TIR (%) | 53.3 (16.7) | 57.8 (15.9) | < 0.001 | 51.7 (13.1) | 58.2 (14.1) | < 0.001 | 52.6 (15.2) | 58.0 (15.1) | < 0.001 |
| TAR (%) | 42.7 (17.9) | 38.2 (16.7) | < 0.001 | 44.3 (13.9) | 37.7 (14.6) | < 0.001 | 43.4 (16.2) | 38.0 (15.8) | < 0.001 |
| Mean glucose (mg/dl) | 179.0 (35.3) | 169.8 (30.2) | < 0.001 | 178.1 (25.3) | 168.2 (26.5) | < 0.001 | 178.6 (31.2) | 169.1 (28.6) | < 0.001 |
| SD of mean | 69.2 (18.0) | 64.6 (16.4) | < 0.001 | 66.4 (14.0) | 62.4 (14.4) | < 0.001 | 68.0 (16.4) | 63.6 (15.6) | < 0.001 |
| CV (%) | 38.5 (5.3) | 37.9 (6.0) | 0.212 | 37.3 (6.3) | 37.0 (6.2) | 0.637 | 38.0 (5.8) | 37.5 (6.1) | 0.209 |
Data are presented as mean and standard deviation in brackets, unless otherwise specified. Differences between subjects before and after COVID-19 lockdown (T0 vs. T1) were assessed by paired Student's t test for continuous variables for the total sample and according to gender. A p value < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant