Table IV.
Clinical profile of coronavirus disease 2019 in pregnant women and neonates
| Study | Country | Number of pregnant women | Clinical features, n (%) | Delivery and pregnancy outcome, n (%) | Treatment, n (%) | Neonatal infection/outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| WHO-China- Joint-Mission9 | China (as of February 20, 2020) | 147 (64 confirmed) | Severe disease (8) Critical (1) | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Yan et al13 | China (January 20 to March 24, 2020) | 116 (retrospective case series) (65 confirmed) | Characteristics of 116 cases: Fever 59 (50.9) Cough 33 (28.4) Fatigue 15 (12.9) Shortness of breath 9 (7.8) Sore throat 10 (8.6) Myalgia 6 (5.2) Dyspnoea 3 (2.6) Diarrhoea 1 (0.9) No symptoms 27 (23.3) Severe cases 8 (6.9) |
Caesarean delivery - 85 (85.9) Vaginal delivery - 14 (14.1) One of eight patients (12.5) who presented in the firstand early-second-trimester had a missed spontaneous abortion The rate of spontaneous preterm birth before 37 wk was 6.1% (6/99) Twenty one of 99 patients (21.2) who had delivered, had preterm birth, including six with preterm premature rupture of membranes One neonatal death due to asphyxia |
Following treatment was given to 8 severe cases Antibiotic therapy 109 (94.0) Antiviral therapy 63 (54.3) Use of corticosteroid 37 (31.9) ICU admission 8 (6.9) Non-invasive ventilation 6 (5.2) Invasive mechanical ventilation 2 (1.7) ECMO 1 (0.9) Plasmapheresis 1 (0.9) Arbidol/oseltamivir/ aciclovir/ribavirin/interferon alone or in combination |
14 neonates tested positive out of 100 Ten neonates had paired amniotic fluid and cord blood samples that were tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 |
| Zeng et al62 | China (January to February 2020) Wuhan Children's Hospital | 33 (cohort study) | Fever on admission 8 (24) Cough 30 (33) Postpartum fever 5 (15) Pneumonia 33 (100) Premature rupture of membranes 3 (9) |
26 (79) delivered by caesarean section | N/A | All three (3/33) infected neonates recovered One had respiratory distress |
| Chen et al63 | China (January 20-31, 2020) Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan |
9 (retrospective case series) | Fever on admission 7 (78) Post-partum fever 6 (67) Myalgia 3 (33) Malaise 2 (22) Cough 4 (44) Dyspnoea 1 (11) Sore throat 2 (22) Diarrhoea 1 (11) Foetal distress noted in two cases |
All were in third trimester and delivered by caesarean section | Oxygen support (nasal cannula) 9 (100) Antiviral therapy 6 (67) Antibiotic therapy 9 (100) |
Nine neonates SARS-CoV-2 negative SARS-CoV-2 negative in amniotic fluid, cord blood, neonatal throat swab, and breast milk in 6 patients |
| Zhu et al64 | China (January 20 to February 5, 2020) Five hospitals in Hubei | 9 (retrospective case series) | Fever 9 (100) Cough 4 (44) Intrauterine foetal distress 6 (67) Premature rupture of membranes 3 (33) |
Caesarean delivery - 7 (77.8) Vaginal delivery - 2 (22.2) |
Postpartum antiretroviral therapy (oral oseltamivir) is given for 4 mothers | RT-PCR for all neonates was negative. However, intrauterine foetal distress present in 6 cases One neonate died |
| Wu et al65 | China (January 23 to February 10,2020) Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan |
8 (retrospective | Post-partum fever 2 (33) All women asymptomatic before delivery but became symptomatic post-partum | All were in third trimester Caesarean delivery - 6 (75) Vaginal delivery - 2 (25) |
All patients received empirical antibiotic treatment and supportive care | N/A |
| Yu et al66 | China (January 1 to February 8, 2020) Tongji Hospital, Wuhan | 7 (retrospective case series) | Fever 6 (86) Cough 1 (14) Shortness of breath 1 (14) Diarrhoea 1 (14) Pneumonia 6 (86) H1N1 infection 2 (28) | Caesarean delivery - 7 (100) | All patients received oxygen therapy Antiviral treatment (oseltamivir and ganciclovir) Antibiotic treatment (cephalosporins, quinolones, and macrolides), interferon and arbidol tablets Traditional Chinese medicines (granules and Lianhuaqingwen capsules) were also given Methylprednisolone was given to 5 patients (71) after caesarean section |
One infant was positive 36 h after birth |
| Zeng et al14 | China (February 16 to March 6, 2020) Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan | 6 (retrospective case series) | All 6 mothers had mild clinical manifestations | All were in third trimester Caesarean delivery - 6 (100) 5 mothers had elevated IgG | N/A | RT-PCR negative in all neonates. However, SARS-CoV-1 specific IgM detected in 2 neonates |
N/A, not available; RT-PCR, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction