. 2020 Apr 19;2(3):100053. doi: 10.1016/j.arrct.2020.100053

Table 1.

Type and effectiveness of interventions based on type of caregiver engagement

Type of Caregiver^∗ Engagement (n)	Patient Outcomes^† (All)	Patient Outcomes (Mobility)	Caregiver Outcomes	Health System Outcomes
Inform (2)⁶⁵^,⁶⁸	2↑⁶⁵^,⁶⁸	2↑⁶⁵^,⁶⁸	NR	NR
Activate (4)⁴²^,⁴³^,⁴⁸^,⁶⁷	4↑⁴²^,⁴³^,⁴⁸^,⁶⁷	4↑⁴²^,⁴³^,⁴⁸^,⁶⁷	1↑⁴²	NR
Inform-activate (13)³¹^,⁴⁰^,44, 45, 46^,52, 53, 54, 55^,⁵⁹^,⁶²^,⁶⁶^,⁶⁹	9↑³¹^,⁴⁰^,⁴⁴^,⁴⁶^,⁵²^,⁵⁴^,⁶²^,⁶⁶^,⁶⁹	5↑⁴⁰^,⁴⁴^,⁵²^,⁶⁶^,⁶⁹ 1↔⁴⁶	6↑³¹^,44, 45, 46^,⁵³^,⁵⁵ 1↔⁵⁹	1↑⁵⁹ 3↔⁴⁴^,⁴⁶^,⁵⁴
Activate-collaborate (1)³²	1↔³²	1↔³²	1↑³²	1↔³²
Inform-collaborate (5)³⁰^,³⁹^,⁴⁷^,⁶⁰^,⁶⁴	3↑³⁰^,³⁹^,⁶⁰ 1↔⁶⁴	1↑³⁹ 2↔⁶⁰^,⁶⁴	4↑³⁰^,⁴⁷^,⁶⁰^,⁶⁴	1↑⁶⁴
Inform-activate-collaborate (15)33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38^,⁴¹^,49, 50, 51^,56, 57, 58^,⁶¹^,⁶³	7↑34, 35, 36^,⁵¹^,⁵⁶^,⁵⁷^,⁶³ 4↔³³^,³⁷^,⁴¹^,⁵⁰	6↑34, 35, 36^,⁵¹^,⁵⁶^,⁶³ 4↔³³^,³⁷^,⁴¹^,⁵⁰	3↑³⁴^,³⁵^,⁵⁸ 5↔³³^,³⁸ ^‡^,⁴¹^,⁵⁰^,⁶¹	4↑34, 35, 36^,⁴⁹ 2↔⁴¹^,⁵⁰

NOTE. ↑ Statistically significant positive effect of intervention. ↓ Statistically significant negative effect of intervention. ↔ No statistically significant effect of intervention.

Abbreviations: n, number of studies reporting each outcome; NR, not reported.

^∗

Examples of caregiver engagement: inform: educate caregivers on how they can support patients in ADLs, including walking and transportation; activate: train caregivers on assisting patients perform exercises; collaborate: allow caregivers to contact the study therapist by telerehabilitation if they need additional support.

^†

Includes studies that reported patient mobility.

^‡

Study did not analyze outcomes to test for statistical significance.