Table 3. Bone mineral density outcomes at baseline, 12, 24 and 36 months.
| 12 months | 24 months | ||||||||||||
| Baseline | Baseline for those followed up | Follow-up | Change | p | Baseline for those followed up | Follow-up | Change | p | |||||
| n | Mean (95% CI) | n | Mean (95% CI) | Mean (95% CI) | Mean (95% CI) | n | Mean (95% CI) | Mean (95% CI) | Mean (95% CI) | ||||
| Lumbar | BMC | 44 | 39.5 (35.9, 43.1) | 42 | 39.6 (35.8, 43.4) | 41.2 (38.2, 44.2) | 1.6 (0.2, 3.1) | 0.03 | 24 | 34.1 (30.3, 37.9) | 40.1 (36.7, 43.5) | 6.0 (4.0, 7.9) | <0.0001 |
| BMD | 44 | 0.76 (0.71, 0.80) | 43 | 0.76 (0.71, 0.80) | 0.77 (0.72, 0.81) | 0.01 (-0.00, 0.03) | 0.17 | 24 | 0.68 (0.63, 0.74) | 0.73 (0.68, 0.78) | 0.05 (0.03, 0.07) | 0.0001 | |
| Hip | BMC | 43 | 25.2 (23.2, 27.1) | 39 | 25.5 (23.4, 27.6) | 26.1 (24.4, 27.9) | 0.7 (-0.2, 1.5) | 0.13 | 22 | 23.9 (21.2, 26.6) | 26.3 (24.1, 28.6) | 2.4 (0.7, 4.1) | 0.008 |
| BMD | 43 | 0.80 (0.75, 0.86) | 39 | 0.81 (0.75, 0.87) | 0.82 (0.78, 0.86) | 0.01 (-0.02, 0.05) | 0.6 | 22 | 0.76 (0.68, 0.85) | 0.79 (0.74, 0.84) | 0.03 (-0.04, 0.10) | 0.4 | |
| BMD z-scores | Spine | 44 | -0.3 (-0.7, 0.0) | 43 | -0.3 (-0.7, 0.1) | -1.0 (-1.3, -0.7) | 24 | -0.5 (-1.1, 0.0) | -1.5 (-2.1, -0.8) | ||||
| HAZ spine | 44 | -0.5(-0.8, -0.1) | 43 | -0.4 (-0.8, -0.1) | -1.0 (-1.3, -0.6) | 24 | -0.7 (-1.2, -0.1) | -1.3 (-1.9, -0.7) | |||||
| Hip | 43 | -0.5 (-0.9, -0.1) | 39 | -0.5 (-0.9, -0.1) | -1.0 (-1.3, -0.6) | 21 | -0.5 (-1.1, 0.1) | -1.4 (-2.0, -0.9) | |||||
| HAZ hip | 43 | -0.7 (-1.0, -0.3) | 39 | -0.6 (-1.0, -0.2) | -0.9 (-1.3, -0.5) | 21 | -0.5 (-1.1, 0.1) | -1.2 (-1.7, -0.6) | |||||
| 36 months | |||||||||||||
| Baseline for those followed up | Follow-up | Change | p | ||||||||||
| n | Mean (95% CI) | Mean (95% CI) | Mean (95% CI) | ||||||||||
| Lumbar | BMC | 12 | 37.05 (31.0, 43.1) | 42.4 (37.4, 47.4) | 5.3 (2.8, 7.8) | 0.0007 | |||||||
| BMD | 12 | 0.72 (0.65, 0.80) | 0.76 (0.70, 0.82) | 0.03 (.00, 0.07) | 0.05 | ||||||||
| Hip | BMC | 12 | 26.1 (22.1, 30.0) | 26.8 (21.2, 32.3) | 0.7 (-3.8, 5.2) | 0.7 | |||||||
| BMD | 12 | (0.82, 0.73, 0.91) | 0.81 (0.74, 0.88) | -0.009 (-0.05, 0.03) | 0.6 | ||||||||
| BMD z-scores | Spine | 12 | -0.2 (-1.0, 0.6) | -1.5 (-2.2, -0.8) | |||||||||
| HAZ spine | 12 | -0.4 (-1.2, 0.3) | -1.3 (-2.2, -0.5) | ||||||||||
| Hip | 12 | -0.3 (-1.3, 0.6) | -1.1 (-1.8, -0.5) | ||||||||||
| HAZ hip | 12 | -0.5 (-1.5, 0.5) | -1.0 (-1.8, -0.2) | ||||||||||
BMD: bone mineral density; BMC bone mineral content; HAZ height adjusted z-score.
BMD z-scores were not formally tested–see Methods.