Table 5.
Association of baseline Lp(a) levels with annual absolute change in CAC volume
| Parameter | N | B (95% CI) for change in CAC volume | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| With elevated Lp(a) | Without elevated Lp(a) | |||
| Using Lp(a) ≥30 mg/dL to define elevated Lp(a) | ||||
| IL-2 sRα (ng/mL) | ||||
| Quartile 1 (≤0.72) | 204 | 437 | −3.44 (−7.98, 1.11) | 0.14 |
| Quartile 2 (0.73–0.89) | 182 | 434 | −2.43 (−7.49, 2.63) | 0.35 |
| Quartile 3 (0.90–1.13) | 202 | 406 | 7.59 (0.05, 15.13) | 0.05 |
| Quartile 4 (≥1.14) | 166 | 459 | 15.33 (4.61, 26.04) | 0.005 |
| sTNF-R1 (ng/mL) | ||||
| Quartile 1 (≤1.10) | 195 | 445 | −0.59 (−5.20, 4.02) | 0.80 |
| Quartile 2 (1.11–1.28) | 207 | 416 | 1.13 (−4.40, 6.65) | 0.69 |
| Quartile 3 (1.29–1.52) | 190 | 427 | 2.31 (−3.82, 8.44) | 0.46 |
| Quartile 4 (≥1.53) | 169 | 453 | 11.81 (0.48, 23.13) | 0.04 |
| Fibrinogen (mg/dL) | ||||
| Quartile 1 (≤294) | 374 | 1138 | 1.91 (−3.51, 7.34) | 0.49 |
| Quartile 2 (295–337) | 426 | 1053 | −1.62 (−6.38, 3.13) | 0.50 |
| Quartile 3 (338–387) | 524 | 954 | 4.63 (−0.85, 10.10) | 0.10 |
| Quartile 4 (≥388) | 626 | 864 | 7.02 (1.79, 12.24) | 0.008 |
| Using Lp(a) ≥50 mg/dL to define elevated Lp(a) | ||||
| IL-2 sRα (ng/mL) | ||||
| Quartile 1 (≤0.72) | 125 | 516 | −3.80 (−9.18, 1.57) | 0.17 |
| Quartile 2 (0.73–0.89) | 109 | 507 | 4.89 (−1.60, 11.39) | 0.14 |
| Quartile 3 (0.90–1.13) | 121 | 487 | 11.04 (0.57, 21.52) | 0.04 |
| Quartile 4 (≥1.14) | 92 | 533 | 18.61 (6.04, 31.18) | 0.004 |
For continuous Lp(a) levels, regression coefficient (B) is expressed as annual absolute change in CAC score related to one unit increase in ln-transformed Lp(a) levels (mg/dL).
Data were adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, smoking, pack-years of smoking, current alcohol use, physical activity, BMI, ln-transformed fasting glucose, SBP, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, ln-transformed triglycerides, use of lipid-lowering medication, use of hypertensive medication, use of glucose lowering medication, family history of heart attack, and eGFR at baseline.
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CAC, coronary artery calcification; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; IL-2 sRα, interleukin-2 soluble receptor α; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; Lp(a), lipoprotein(a); SBP, systolic blood pressure; SD, standard deviation; sTNF-R1, soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 1.