Table 2:
Proportion achieving guideline-recommended glycemic level (HbA1C<7.0%) at 12-month, 24 month and End of study (EOS) visit and factors associated with achievement of guideline-recommended glycemic control
| Factors | Glycaemic level (HbA1c<7.0%) | Crude RR [95% CI] |
Adjusted RR^ [95% CI] |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 12m | 24m | EOS | Overall | |||
| Overall | 14.7[12.6,16.9] | 17.5[14.5,20.5] | 17.7[15.4,20] | 16.3[14.6,18.1] | ||
| Age, years | ||||||
| 35-49 | 13.7[10.5,16.9] | 16.2[12.1,20.4] | 16.4[12.7,20.1] | 15.2[12,18.5] | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 50-64 | 15.5[12.8,18.1] | 18.4[14.8,21.9] | 18.5[15.7,21.4] | 17.3[14.9,19.6] | 1.13[0.88,1.46] | 1.32[1.02,1.71]* |
| ≥65 | 14[10.2,17.9] | 16.6[11.6,21.7] | 16.8[12.1,21.5] | 15.6[11.5,19.8] | 1.03[0.73,1.44] | 1.28[0.89,1.86] |
| Gender | ||||||
| Female | 13.6[11.1,16.1] | 16.1[12.8,19.4] | 16.3[13.5,19] | 15.1[12.8,17.5] | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Male | 16.1[13.2,18.9] | 19.1[15.3,22.9] | 19.3[16.1,22.5] | 17.9[15.3,20.6] | 1.18[0.96,1.47] | 1.17[0.93,1.47] |
| Socio-economic status | ||||||
| <10,000 | 14.5[10.7,18.3] | 16.9[12.2,21.6] | 17.1[12.9,21.4] | 16[12.2,19.8] | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 10,000-20,000 | 14.7[10.7,18.7] | 17.1[12.2,22.1] | 17.4[12.6,22.1] | 16.2[12.1,20.4] | 1.01[0.72,1.44] | 0.98[0.7,1.36] |
| >20,000 | 15[11.8,18.2] | 17.6[13.5,21.6] | 17.8[14.2,21.4] | 16.6[13.5,19.7] | 1.04[0.74,1.46] | 0.93[0.68,1.28] |
| Education Status | ||||||
| Up to primary school | 12.7[9.4,16] | 15.2[11.1,19.2] | 15.1[11.2,19] | 14.1[10.7,17.5] | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Secondary school | 14.8[12,17.6] | 17.7[13.9,21.5] | 17.6[14.5,20.8] | 16.5[13.8,19.2] | 1.17[0.88,1.55] | 1.12[0.83,1.51] |
| Graduate or above | 16.5[12.9,20.1] | 19.7[15,24.5] | 19.7[15.6,23.7] | 18.4[14.8,21.9] | 1.3[0.94,1.81] | 1.23[0.86,1.76] |
| Duration of Diabetes | ||||||
| 5 years or less | 20.6[17,24.2] | 24.5[19.7,29.3] | 24.5[20.5,28.5] | 22.9[19.6,26.3] | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 6-10 years | 12.2[9.2,15.3] | 14.5[10.7,18.4] | 14.5[11.1,18] | 13.6[10.5,16.7] | 0.59[0.45,0.78]** | 0.63[0.47,0.83]** |
| 11-15 years | 9.9[6.8,13.1] | 11.8[7.8,15.8] | 11.8[8.1,15.5] | 11[7.7,14.4] | 0.48[0.34,0.68]** | 0.56[0.39,0.8]** |
| >15 years | 11.8[7.8,15.8] | 11.8[8.1,15.5] | 10[6.7,13.2] | 11.1[7.6,14.6] | 0.48[0.34,0.68]** | 0.47[0.32,0.69]** |
| Any Macro vascular complication | ||||||
| No | 14.8[12.6,17] | 17.6[14.6,20.7] | 17.8[15.4,20.1] | 16.5[14.7,18.4] | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 13.4[6.9,20] | 16[8,23.9] | 16.1[8.4,23.8] | 15 [7.8,22.1] | 0.91[0.55,1.48] | 1.09[0.68,1.76] |
| Any Micro vascular complication | ||||||
| No | 16.8[14.1,19.6] | 20[16.1,23.8] | 20.1[17,23.1] | 18.7[16.2,21.2] | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 11.1[8.5,13.7] | 13.2[9.8,16.6] | 13.3[10.2,16.3] | 12.4[9.7,15.1] | 0.66[0.51,0.86]** | 0.70[0.53,0.92]* |
| Adherence to Prescribed Medication Therapy*≠ | ||||||
| Non-Adherent | 9.8[7.1,12.4] | 11.8[8.4,15.1] | 11.9[8.7,15] | 11[8.2,13.8] | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Adherent | 15.8[13.4,18.1] | 19[15.7,22.4] | 19.2[16.6,21.8] | 17.8[15.8,19.7] | 1.62[1.24,2.11]** | 1.46[1.09,1.95]* |
| Adherence to Diet Plan*≠ | ||||||
| Non-Adherent | 11[9.1,13] | 13.3[10.6,16] | 12.4[10,14.7] | 12[10.1,13.9] | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Adherent | 21.6[17.7,25.5] | 26[20.9,31.1] | 24.2[20.6,27.7] | 23.5[20.2,26.7] | 1.96[1.59,2.41]** | 1.79[1.43,2.23]** |
| Adherence to Exercise plan*≠ | ||||||
| Non-Adherent | 13.3[11.2,15.4] | 15.9[12.9,18.9] | 15.2[12.7,17.8] | 14.6[12.6,16.6] | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Adherent | 17.7[14.5,20.9] | 21.1[17.1,25.1] | 20.2[17.3,23.2] | 19.4[16.7,22] | 1.33[1.12,1.57]** | 1.06[0.87,1.3] |
| Hypertension (SBP >140 mmHg) at baseline | ||||||
| ≤ 140 | 15.4[13.1,17.8] | 18.3[15.1,21.6] | 18.1[15.6,20.6] | 17.1[15.1,19] | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| >140 | 12.4[9.1,15.7] | 14.7[10.5,18.9] | 14.6[10.7,18.4] | 13.7[10.3,17.1] | 0.8[0.61,1.05] | 0.86[0.65,1.12] |
| Hyperlipidemia (LDL > 130 mg/dl) at baseline | ||||||
| ≤ 130 | 15.3[13,17.6] | 18[14.8,21.2] | 18.1[15.6,20.5] | 16.9[15,18.8] | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| >130 | 11.6[8.2,15.1] | 13.6[9.4,17.9] | 13.7[9.6,17.8] | 12.8[9.2,16.5] | 0.76[0.56,1.02] | 0.82[0.6,1.14] |
| BMI≠ | ||||||
| <25 | 14.2[11.2,17.2] | 16.8[12.7,20.9] | 17[13.5,20.4] | 15.8[12.8,18.8] | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 25-29.9 | 16.1[13.2,19] | 19.1[15.3,22.8] | 19.3[16,22.5] | 17.9[15.3,20.6] | 1.14[0.9,1.44] | 1.19[0.93,1.53] |
| ≥ 30 | 13.6[10.5,16.7] | 16.1[12.1,20] | 16.2[12.7,19.8] | 15.1[12,18.2] | 0.96[0.72,1.27] | 1.08[0.79,1.47] |
| Waist Circumference≠ | ||||||
| Males <90 cm, Female <80 cm | 13.4[9.5,17.4] | 16[11.1,20.9] | 16.1[11.5,20.6] | 15[10.9,19.1] | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Males >90cm, Females >80 cm | 15[12.8,17.3] | 17.9[14.7,21.1] | 18[15.5,20.4] | 16.8[14.8,18.7] | 1.12[0.84,1.5] | 1.33[0.95,1.85] |
| Smoking Status-baseline | ||||||
| No | 14.6[12.4,16.7] | 17.3[14.2,20.4] | 17.5[15.2,19.8] | 16.3[14.5,18] | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 18.2[10.3,26.1] | 21.6[12.4,30.8] | 21.8[12.6,31.1] | 20.3[11.8,28.7] | 1.25[0.81,1.91] | 0.93[0.57,1.53] |
| Hospital setting | ||||||
| Public | 1.00 | |||||
| Private | 0.6[0.36,1] | |||||
*
P value <0.05
**
P value <0.005
^
Adjusted RR obtained via Poisson model using generalized estimating equation. Each estimate is adjusted for time, treatment assignment, baseline HbA1C value, site, public private settings and all other factors reported in table