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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Respir Physiol Neurobiol. 2020 Nov 30;285:103591. doi: 10.1016/j.resp.2020.103591

Table 2.

Gas exchange, breathing parameters, and heart rate measured during rest and eucapnic voluntary hyperpnea trials presented as mean ± S.D.

Without obesity With obesity P
Rest EVHLow EVHHigh Rest EVHLow EVHHigh Group Condition Interaction
V̇O2 (L·min−1) 0.20 ± 0.01 0.23 ± 0.02 0.26 ± 0.03 0.25 ± 0.05 0.28 ± 0.05 0.32 ± 0.06 0.0096 <0.0001§,*, 0.6840
V̇CO2 (L·min−1) 0.17 ± 0.02 0.17 ± 0.05 0.21 ± 0.04 0.22 ± 0.05 0.21 ± 0.05 0.26 ± 0.05 0.0255 <0.0001*, 0.8659
RER 0.83 ± 0.07 0.70 ± 0.15 0.81 ± 0.08 0.86 ± 0.08 0.73 ± 0.1 0.81 ± 0.07 0.6716 <0.0001§, 0.7194
V̇E (L·min−1) 8.7 ± 1.1 24.9 ± 7.1 39.3 ± 6.1 10.6 ± 1.5 28.5 ± 4.6 43.8 ± 5.5 0.0910 <0.0001§,*, 0.5934
VT (L) 0.48 ± 0.06 0.86 ± 0.16 1.16 ± 0.19 0.60 ± 0.18 1.02 ± 0.16 1.31 ± 0.19 0.0300 <0.0001§,*, 0.8516
fB (b/min) 18 ± 2 29 ± 5 34 ± 3 19 ± 4 28 ± 3 34 ± 3 0.8165 <0.0001§,*, 0.8189
PETCO2 (Torr) 41 ± 3 39 ± 2 36 ± 1 41 ± 4 41 ± 2 38 ± 2 0.3169 <0.0001*, 0.5320
Ti/Ttot (%) 40 ± 4 46 ± 3 48 ± 4 40 ± 5 46 ± 2 46 ± 3 0.9978 <0.0001§,* 0.4941
VT/Ti (L/s) 0.43 ± 0.07 0.97 ± 0.37 1.50 ± 0.33 0.50 ± 0.14 1.05 ± 0.13 1.68 ± 0.2 0.2387 <0.0001§,*, 0.5477
VT/Te (L/s) 0.29 ± 0.06 0.80 ± 0.24 1.37 ± 0.26 0.33 ± 0.05 0.92 ± 0.15 1.46 ± 0.2 0.2399 <0.0001§,*, 0.7365
VT (%FVC) 18.8 ± 3.8 33.0 ± 5.1 44.9 ± 7.9 20.3 ± 4.6 34.9 ± 5.4 44.6 ± 5.8 0.6031 <0.0001§,*, 0.7669
EELV (%TLC) 49.1 ± 3.2 49.1 ± 5.5 46.2 ± 4.2 37.2 ± 4.6 38 ± 4.3 37.9 ± 5.0 <0.0001 0.3361 0.1622
EILV (%TLC) 64.6 ± 5.8 77.9 ± 8.1 85.3 ± 6.1 54.4 ± 6.7 66.4 ± 4.8 76.2 ± 7.3 0.0015 <0.0001§,*, 0.7397
HR (b/min) 84 ± 13 92 ± 14 98 ± 15 87 ± 13 89 ± 15 95 ± 14 0.8796 <0.0001*, 0.1761
RPB 0.3 ± 0.5 0.9 ± 0.9 1.5 ± 1.3 0.4 ± 0.5 1.1 ± 1.4 2.3 ± 1.9 0.4407 <0.0001§,*, 0.3746

V̇O2, Oxygen uptake; V̇CO2, carbon dioxide production; V̇E, minute ventilation; VT, tidal volume; fB, breathing frequency; PETCO2, end tidal CO2; Ti/ Ttot, ratio of inspiratory time to total time; Te, expiratory time; FVC, forced vital capacity; EELV, end-expiratory lung volume; TLC, total lung capacity; EILV, end-inspiratory lung volume; HR, heart rate; RPB, ratings of perceived breathlessness

§

indicates difference between seated rest and lower level of EVH

*

indicates significant difference between seated rest and higher level of EVH

indicates significant different from lower level and higher level of EVH