Table 4.

Risk of depression in relation to the 10 most-used single-herb and multi-herb products for insomnia patients.

Chinese herbal name	Number of prescriptions	Crude HR (95% CI)	Adjusted HR * (95% CI)
Single-herb products
Yan-Hu-Suo	11,868	0.81 (0.68–1.09)	0.84 (0.69–1.11)
Gegen	11,549	0.46 (0.43–0.49)	0.44 (0.42–0.46)
Huangqin	10,291	0.46 (0.44–0.49)	0.44 (0.42–0.47)
Multiflora	9,803	0.86 (0.72–1.10)	0.88 (0.73–1.09)
Dan-Shen	9,234	0.47 (0.44–0.46)	0.46 (0.43–0.49)
Beimu	9,116	0.43 (0.41–0.46)	0.42 (0.39–0.45)
Dahuang	6,748	0.49 (0.45–0.52)	0.45 (0.42–0.48)
Suan Zao Ren	6,379	0.87 (0.73–1.06)	0.85 (0.73–1.11)
Hai Piao Xiao	6,051	0.85 (0.64–1.08)	0.84 (0.63–1.09)
Shegan	4,527	0.44 (0.40–0.48)	0.42 (0.38–0.46)
Multi-herb products
Jia-Wei-Xiao-Yao-San	14,573	0.89 (0.73–1.09)	0.88 (0.74–1.05)
Shu-Jing-Huo-Xue-Tang	12,684	0.45 (0.42–0.47)	0.45 (0.42–0.48)
Ge-Gen-Tang	11,549	0.46 (0.43–0.49)	0.45 (0.42–0.48)
Shao-Yao-Gan-Cao-Tang	11,212	0.43 (0.41–0.46)	0.43 (0.40–0.45)
Chuan Xiong Cha Tiao San	9,162	0.87 (0.75–1.07)	0.85 (0.72–1.06)
Píng wèi sǎn	7,931	0.46 (0.43–0.49)	0.45 (0.42–0.47)
Suan Zao Ren Tang	7,883	0.86 (0.72–1.08)	0.89 (0.74–1.07)
Tian Wang Bu Xin Dan	7,706	0.88 (0.74–1.07)	0.89 (0.74–1.10)
Ban Xia Xie Xin Tang	7,566	0.89 (0.76–1.08)	0.88 (0.74–1.11)
Xiao Chai Hu Tang	6,752	0.89 (0.78–1.13)	0.89 (0.76–1.14)

^*Model adjusted for age, sex, urbanization level, monthly income, and comorbidities.