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. 2021 Feb 2;11:2778. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-82472-1

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Immunohistochemical staining to evaluate the expression of HOXB13 in prostatic tissues. (A–C) Serial sections of a TRAMP NEPCa tumor displayed low HOXB13 expression in NEPCa area (indicated by * sign) in contrast to the positive staining in focal PIN. NEPCa markers Chromogranin A (CHGA) and FOXA2 were stained positive in NEPCa cells but negative in PIN. (D) HOXB13 expression in BPH, n = 28. (E) HOXB13 expression in AdPCa, n = 44. (F–I) Human NEPCa tumors demonstrated reduced (n = 1) or negative (n = 8) staining of HOXB13. These NEPCa tumors were stained positive for Synaptophysin (SYP) or Chromogranin A (CHGA). (J) Quantification of HOXB13 immunohistochemical staining with H-scores in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostatic acinar adenocarcinomas with a Gleason score of 6 (3 + 3), 7 (3 + 4 and 4 + 3), 8 (4 + 4), 9 (4 + 5 and 5 + 4), and 10 (5 + 5). The H score of HOXB13 immunohistochemical staining was correlated with Gleason score, Spearman correlation test, Rho = 0.348, p < 0.05.