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. 2021 Feb 2;12:751. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-21025-6

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 8 — a Schematic drawing of in vivo imaging. Using a DIO system in combination with a low expression of Cre, Clover was sparsely expressed in neurons and was excited by two-photon excitation at 1000 nm. b, c Two-photon images of dendritic spines of layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons of the sensory cortex. The paCaMKII was activated by global scanning with two-photon excitation at 920 nm. The images were taken in awake (b) and anesthetized (c) states. White arrows indicate the enlarged spines by paCaMKII activation. d Averaged time courses of spine volume change induced by paCaMKII activation. Data using the kinase-dead paCaMKII_K42M are also shown. The number of samples (spines/neurons/mice) is indicated in the figure. The data are presented as mean ± SEM. e Quantification of spine volume change at 35 min after paCaMKII activation. The same data set with (d) was used. n(spines/neurons) is the same as in d. The data are presented as mean ± SEM. ***p < 0.001; two-tailed unpaired t test. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.