Fig. 4. Expression and development of dendritic cells.

a UMAP plot of 8,893 myeloid cells grouped into 10 cell types. Each dot represents a cell, coloured according to cell types. b Heatmap showed the normalised mean expression of genes associated with maturation, activation, migration, and chemokine ligand (rows) in three dendritic cell clusters (DC_C1, DC_C2, and DC_C3; columns). Filled colours from black to yellow represent scaled gene expression levels from low to high. c Heatmap showed the selected signalling pathways (rows) with significant enrichment of GO and KEGG terms for three dendritic cell clusters (DC_C1, DC_C2, and DC_C3; columns). Filled colours from blue to red represent scaled expression levels (normalised −log₁₀P values) from low to high. P-values were calculated by one-sided hypergeometric test and adjusted for multiple comparisons. Orange and purple squares on the left column represent the results derived from GO and KEGG signalling pathways analysis, respectively. d Violin plots showed the differentiation, apoptosis, antigen presentation, and dysfunction scores of three dendritic cell cluster (DC_C1, DC_C2, and DC_C3; n = 1134). Box plots inside the violins indicated the quartiles of corresponding score levels. Endpoints depict minimum and maximum values; centre lines denote median values; whiskers denote 1.5 × the interquartile range; black dots denote each cell. Cell clusters and the signature scores are indicated at the x- and y-axis, respectively. e Pseudotime trajectory analysis of three dendritic cell clusters (DC_C1, DC_C2, and DC_C3; n = 1134) with high variable genes. Each dot represents one single cell, coloured according to its cluster label. The inlet plot showed each cell with a pseudotime score from dark blue to yellow, indicating early and terminal states, respectively. f Venn diagram showed overlapped transcription factors regulating LAMP3 gene, immune-suppressive molecules, and HLA-II in DC_C3_LAMP3 cells.