Fig. 1. CE-induced accelerated polymerization of NCA.

a Chemical structure of 18-C-6. b Scheme illustrating CE-catalyzed polymerization of NCA from small-molecular amine initiators. c Semilogarithmic kinetic plot of polymerization of BLG-NCA in DCM initiated by Hex-NH₂ in the presence and absence of 18-C-6. [M]₀/[I]₀ = 100, [I]₀ = [CE]₀ = 0.5 mM. d Snapshots showing the fast consumption of BLG-NCA accompanied with the rapid evolution of carbon dioxide at [M]₀/[I]₀ = 100, [I]₀ = [CE]₀ = 4 mM. e Semilogarithmic kinetic plot of polymerization of BLG-NCA, BDG-NCA, and BDLG-NCA in DCM initiated by Hex-NH₂ in the presence of 18-C-6. [M]₀/[I]₀ = 100, [I]₀ = [CE]₀ = 0.5 mM. f Semilogarithmic kinetic plot of polymerization of BLG-NCA in DCM initiated by various small-molecular initiators in the presence and absence of 18-C-6. [M]₀/[I]₀ = 100, [I]₀ = [CE]₀ = 0.5 mM.