TABLE 2.
Plasma hormone concentrations (means ± SEM) of fat-storing species during long photoperiod (“LP”), short photoperiod (“SP”) hibernation at temperate (“SP warm”) or low (“SP cold”) ambient temperatures.
| Hormones | LP | SP warm | SP cold | Species | Photoperiod/temperature | References | ||
| Torpor | Re-warm | Arousal | ||||||
| Insulin (pg.mL–1) | – | – | 2.26 ± 0.38a | 12.7 ± 3.5b | 3.2 ± 0.9a | Glis glis | LP LD natural/SP LD_9:17 (5°C) | Castex et al., 1984 |
| – | – | 0.73 ± 0.14a | 0.90 ± 0.10a | 0.73 ± 0.10a | Marmota flaviventris | SP LD_8:16 (5 ± 2°C) | Florant et al., 1986 | |
| Glucagon (pg.mL–1) | – | – | 206 ± 14a | 334 ± 36b | 268 ± 21b | Glis glis | LP LD natural/SP LD_8:16 (5°C) | Hoo-Paris et al., 1985 |
| – | – | 82 ± 9a | 75 ± 8a | 94 ± 6a | Marmota flaviventris | SP LD_8:16 (5 ± 2°C) | Florant et al., 1986 | |
| Adiponectin (AU) | 1.2 | 1.2 | – | – | – | Marmota flaviventris | LP LD natural (20 ± 3°C)/SP LD_0:24 (5°C) | Florant et al., 2004 |
| Leptin (ng.mL–1) | 3.2a | – | 10.7b | Marmota flaviventris | LP LD natural (20 ± 3°C)/SP LD_0:24 (5°C) | Florant et al., 2004 | ||
| Ghrelin (ng.mL–1) | 3.6a5.6b#x2013; | ∼3a | – | ∼4b | Citellus lateralis | LD natural (20 ± 2°C)/SP LD_0:24 (5°C) | Healy et al., 2010 | |
| Cortisol (ng.mL–1) | 77.3 ± 20.3 | 51.2 ± 3.8 | 19.2 ± 0.5a | – | 36.2 ± 2.2b | Citellus citellus | LP LD natural (16-26°C)/SP LD_0:24 (7 ± 1°C) | Shivatcheva et al., 1988 |
Different superscripts indicate significant differences (p < 0.05) between columns from the same raw. Adapted from Weitten et al. (2013).