Figure 13.

CXCL16 induces leukocyte adhesion to human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMECs). Adhesion of fluorescently-labeled monocytic cells to a HRMEC monolayer treated with tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) (50 ng/ml) or CXCL16 (50 ng/ml) was assessed. Bar graphs represent three independent experiments (control: 11 wells, TNF‐α: 11 wells and CXCL16: 11 wells). RFU, relative fluorescent unit. One-way ANOVA and independent t-tests were used for comparisons between the three and two groups, respectively (A). HRMECs were left untreated or treated with CXCL16 (50 ng/ml) for 24 h. Protein expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in cell lysates was determined by Western blot analysis (B). Results are expressed as mean ± standard deviation from three different experiments performed in triplicate. (*p < 0.05; independent t-test).