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. 2021 Jan 20;11:601639. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.601639

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Copyright © 2021 Abu El-Asrar, Nawaz, Ahmad, De Zutter, Siddiquei, Blanter, Allegaert, Gikandi, De Hertogh, Van Damme, Opdenakker and Struyf

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Characterization of cells expressing CXCL16 and CX3CL1 in proliferative diabetic retinopathy epiretinal fibrovascular membranes. Immunohistochemical staining for CXCL16 (A) and CX3CL1 (C) showing immunoreactivity in vascular endothelial cells (arrows). Immunoreactivity for CXCL16 was also detected in stromal spindle-shaped cells (arrows) (B). Double immunohistochemistry for CD45 (brown) and CXCL16 (red) (D) or CX3CL1 (red) (E) demonstrated co-expression in stromal leukocytes (arrows). No counterstain was applied in panels (D, E) (scale bar, 10 μm).