Table 4.

Effect of beverage intakes on expected DFSAR^a at age 17 years, adjusted for other beverage intakes, toothbrushing frequency, sex, and SES^b in Iowa Fluoride Study participants. (AIC^c = 1402.0)

Variable of interest	Estimated multiplicative effect of exposure (95% CId)e	P value
Milkf	0.88 (0.69–1.12)	.293
Juicefg	0.51 (0.29–0.90)	.019
SSBfh	1.40 (1.03–1.90)	.034
Water/SFBfi	0.86 (0.69–1.07)	.172
Toothbrushingj	0.59 (0.39–0.90)	.014
Female indicator	1.45 (1.03–2.03)	.031
Baseline SES—low	1 (reference)	—
Baseline SES—middle	0.79 (0.51–1.23)	.302
Baseline SES—high	1.11 (0.71–1.74)	.644

^aDFSAR = decayed and filled surfaces.

^bSES = socioeconomic status.

^cAIC = Akaike Information Criterion.

^dCI = confidence interval.

^eEstimated multiplicative effect of exposure of beverage on expected DFSAR from gender and SES adjusted generalized linear models based on the negative binomial distribution with a log link function.

^fEffect for each additional 8 oz beverage/d.

^g100% juice, including juice drinks before age 9 years.

^hSSB = sugar-sweetened beverages, including liquid juice drinks after 9 years.

ⁱWater/SFB = water and other sugar-free beverages.

^jEffect of each additional toothbrushing event/d.