Table 5.

Effect of beverage intakes on expected DFSAR^a at age 17 years, adjusted for other beverage intakes, fluoride intake, toothbrushing frequency, sex, and SES^b in Iowa Fluoride Study participants (AIC^c = 1399.1)

Variable of interest	Estimated multiplicative effect of exposure (95% CId)e	P value
Milkf	0.87 (0.69–1.11)	.254
Juicefg	0.47 (0.27–0.83)	.009
SSBfh	1.42 (1.05–1.92)	.025
Water/SFBfi	0.71 (0.54–0.93)	.014
Total fluoride, excluding SSB fluoridej	1.10 (1.01–1.20)	.029
Toothbrushingk	0.57 (0.38–0.86)	.008
Female indicator	1.55 (1.11–2.18)	.011
Baseline SES—low	1 (reference)	—
Baseline SES—middle	0.82 (0.53–1.27)	.366
Baseline SES—high	1.13 (0.73–1.76)	.582

^aDFSAR = decayed and filled surfaces.

^bSES = socioeconomic status.

^cAIC = Akaike Information Criterion.

^dCI = confidence interval.

^eEstimated multiplicative effect of exposure of beverage on expected DFSAR from gender and socioeconomic adjusted generalized linear models based on the negative binomial distribution with a log link function.

^fEffect for each additional 8 oz beverage/d.

^g100% juice, including juice drinks before age 9 years.

^hSSB = sugar-sweetened beverages, including liquid juice drinks after 9 years.

ⁱWater/SFB = water and other sugar-free beverages.

^jEffect for each additional 0.1 mg fluoride/d.

^kEffect of each additional toothbrushing event/d.