Table 1.
Characteristics of Study Participants by Perceived Risk of 30-Day Readmission (N = 730)
| Overall (N = 730) | Low Perceived Risk ( N = 501) | High Perceived Risk (N = 229) | P value | Missing N (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sociodemographic Characteristics | |||||
| Age, median (IQR) | 66 (18) | 66 (18) | 66 (20) | 0.354 | 10 (1.37) |
| Female | 278 (38.19) | 194 (38.88) | 84 (36.68) | 0.571 | 2 (0.27) |
| Non-white | 255 (34.93) | 173 (34.53) | 82 (35.81) | 0.737 | |
| H.S. or less education | 104 (14.31) | 61 (12.22) | 43 (18.86) | 0.018 | 3 (0.41) |
| Not currently working | 575 (79.09) | 381 (76.35) | 194 (85.09) | 0.007 | 3 (0.41) |
| Insurance status | 0.809 | 6 (0.82) | |||
| Currently insured | 662 (91.44) | 457 (91.77) | 205 (90.71) | ||
| Medicaid only | 36 (4.97) | 23 (4.62) | 13 (5.75) | ||
| Uninsured | 26h (3.59) | 18 (3.61) | 8 (3.54) | ||
| Psychosocial Factors | |||||
| Marital status | 0.975 | 4 (0.55) | |||
| Currently married | 396 (54.55) | 270 (54.22) | 126 (55.26) | ||
| Never married | 95 (13.09) | 65 (13.05) | 30 (13.16) | ||
| Divorced | 141 (19.42) | 99 (19.88) | 42 (18.42) | ||
| Widowed | 94 (12.95) | 64 (12.85) | 30 (13.16) | ||
| Social support, mean (SD) | 16.51 (3.88) | 16.66 (3.87) | 16.17 (3.90) | 0.049 | 8 (1.10) |
| Life stressors, mean (SD) | 3.00 (1.97) | 2.71 (1.84) | 3.64 (2.09) | <.001 | 11 (1.51) |
| CES-D symptoms, mean (SD) | 7.17 (4.26) | 6.71 (4.13) | 8.15 (4.37) | <.001 | 15 (2.05) |
| Self-efficacy, mean (SD) | 9.27 (1.61) | 9.35 (1.59) | 9.11 (1.65) | 0.145 | 11 (1.51) |
| Inadequate health literacy | 109 (14.99) | 65 (13.03) | 44 (19.30) | 0.028 | 3 (0.41) |
| Behavioral Factors | |||||
| Current or past smoker | 405 (56.17) | 284 (57.49) | 121 (53.30) | 0.293 | 9 (1.23) |
| Current drinker | 286 (39.23) | 211 (42.20) | 75 (32.75) | 0.015 | 1 (0.14) |
| Medication non-adherence | 158 (22.35) | 103 (21.33) | 55 (24.55) | 0.338 | 23 (3.15) |
| Health-Related Factors | |||||
| Poor self-rated health | 123 (17.13) | 58 (11.76) | 65 (28.89) | <.001 | 12 (1.64) |
| Any ADL limitations | 413 (57.60) | 252 (51.12) | 161 (71.88) | <.001 | 13 (1.78) |
| Body mass index, mean (SD) | 30.29 (7.95) | 30.37 (7.80) | 30.09 (8.27) | 0.427 | 3 (0.41) |
| Disease Diagnoses | |||||
| Hypertension | 331 (45.34) | 238 (47.50) | 93 (40.61) | 0.083 | - |
| Diabetes | 171 (23.42) | 121 (24.15) | 50 (21.83) | 0.493 | - |
| Heart failure | 346 (47.40) | 228 (45.51) | 118 (51.53) | 0.131 | - |
| Acute MI | 107 (14.66) | 76 (15.17) | 31 (13.54) | 0.563 | - |
| Atrial fibrillation | 204 (27.95) | 136 (27.15) | 68 (29.69) | 0.476 | - |
| Stroke | 121 (16.58) | 78 (15.57) | 43 (18.78) | 0.279 | - |
| Healthcare Access and Utilization | |||||
| Difficulty accessing care | 107 (14.76) | 70 (14.00) | 37 (16.44) | 0.391 | 5 (0.68) |
| Length of stay, median (IQR) | 5.19 (6.95) | 4.97 (6.70) | 5.91 (8.52) | 0.048 | - |
| Any admissions in the past year | 319 (43.70) | 201 (40.12) | 118 (51.53) | 0.004 | - |
| 30-Day readmission rate | 133 (18.22) | 79 (15.77) | 54 (23.58) | 0.011 | - |
Abbreviations: ADL: Activities of Daily Living; CES-D: Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression; H.S.: High school; IQR: Interquartile range; MI: Myocardial infarction; SD: Standard deviation.
Note: Categorical variables reported as n (%) and continuous variables reported as mean (SD) or median (IQR)