Table 1.
Characteristics of SEARCH participants that completed 2–3 questionnaires on use of dietary strategies to manage diabetes over (mean) 5.5 years and provided a blood sample for analysis of hemoglobin A1c at the last follow-up visit (n=1,814).
| Type 1 diabetes |
Type 2 diabetes |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline visit |
Last follow-up visit |
Baseline visit |
Last follow-up visit |
|||||
| N | Mean (SD) or count (%) | N | Mean (SD) or count (%) | N | Mean (SD) or count (%) | N | Mean (SD) or count (%) | |
| Female (n) | 1558 | 820 (52.6) | 256 | 166 (64.8) | ||||
| Non-Hispanic white (n) | 1557 | 1106 (71.0) | 256 | 60 (23.4) | ||||
| Age at diagnosis (years) | 1558 | 9.1 (4.4) | 256 | 14.2 (2.7) | ||||
| Age at visit (years) | 1558 | 10.0 (4.4) | 1558 | 20.4 (5.0) | 256 | 15.1 (2.7) | 256 | 26.3 (3.6) |
| Diabetes duration (years) | 1558 | 0.8 (0.5) | 1558 | 11.2 (2.6) | 256 | 0.9 (0.6) | 256 | 12.1 (2.3) |
| Parental education (n) | 1539 | 1514 | 247 | 236 | ||||
| <High school graduate | 53 (3.4) | 56 (3.7) | 44 (17.8) | 25 (10.6) | ||||
| High school graduate or higher | 1486 (96.6) | 1458 (96.3) | 203 (82.2) | 211 (89.4) | ||||
| Annual household income (n) | 1541 | 1551 | 252 | 255 | ||||
| <$25,000 | 212 (13.8) | 218 (14.1) | 106 (42.1) | 87 (34.1) | ||||
| $25,000 – $49,999 | 312 (20.2) | 249 (16.1) | 60 (23.8) | 54 (21.2) | ||||
| $50,000 – $74,999 | 319 (20.7) | 212 (13.7) | 30 (11.9) | 14 (5.5) | ||||
| ≥$75,000 | 584 (37.9) | 525 (33.8) | 17 (6.7) | 15 (5.9) | ||||
| Do not know/refused | 114 (7.4) | 347 (22.4) | 39 (15.5) | 85 (33.3) | ||||
| Health insurance (n) | 1542 | 1543 | 253 | 245 | ||||
| Private | 1219 (79.1) | 1167 (75.6) | 122 (48.2) | 111 (45.3) | ||||
| Medicare/Medicaid | 270 (17.5) | 232 (15.0) | 108 (42.7) | 68 (27.8) | ||||
| Other | 31 (2.0) | 85 (5.5) | 12 (4.7) | 24 (9.8) | ||||
| None | 22 (1.4) | 59 (3.8) | 11 (4.3) | 42 (17.1) | ||||
| Diabetes treatment (n)† | 1180 | 1546 | 169 | 237 | ||||
| Pump | 88 (7.5) | 890 (57.6) | 1 (0.6) | 12 (5.1) | ||||
| Other Insulin | 1077 (91.3) | 638 (41.3) | 58 (34.3) | 121 (51.1) | ||||
| Non-Insulin only | 11 (0.9) | 6 (0.4) | 92 (54.4) | 43 (18.1) | ||||
| None | 4 (0.3) | 12 (0.8) | 18 (10.7) | 61 (25.7) | ||||
| Hemoglobin A1c (%) | 1347 | 7.7 (1.5) | 1558 | 9.0 (1.9) | 237 | 7.1 (2.1) | 256 | 9.5 (3.0) |
| Hemoglobin A1c (mmol/mol) | 1347 | 60.5 (16.4) | 1558 | 75.1 (21.2) | 237 | 54.5 (22.7) | 256 | 80.1 (32.3) |
†
Insulin regimen not available at baseline for phase 2 participants - baseline treatment category reported for phase 1 participants only