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. 2021 Jan 20;11:580466. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.580466

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Copyright © 2021 Shu, Chen, Chang, Chen, Liu, Huang, You and Wu.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The response of conjugal genes to different types of antibiotics. (A) In Enterococcus faecalis with plasmid pBK2, administration of 5 μg/ml spectinomycin, 5 μg/ml tetracycline, or 0.03 μg/ml erythromycin caused the conjugal response. (B) In Lactococcus lactis with plasmid pBK2, administration of spectinomycin results in the conjugal response. (C) An administration of streptomycin on the vulnerable donor cells OG1RF, resistant recipients OG1X, and vulnerable recipients OG1Sp increased the conjugation frequency. The transconjugant (1) and (2) are OG1X(pCF10) and OG1Sp(pCF10), respectively (***indicates p < 0.001, in comparison to the case without an antibiotic).