Table 5-.

Serum concentrations of selected cytokines at baseline.

Serum pg/mL	Control Median (25%-75%)	NG+GP Median (25%-75%)	PD+GP Median (25%-75%)	T2DM+GP Median (25%-75%)	p-value*
IL-1β	0.09 (0.01; 0.25) A	0.13 (0.03; 0.28) A	0.03 (0.02; 0.15) A	0.09 (0.03; 0.14) A	0.45
IL-2	0.01 (0.01; 0.61) A	0.51 (0.01; 5.6) A	0.1 (0.01; 1.2) A	0.1 (0.01; 1.55) A	0.27
IL-6	0.73 (0.44; 1.41) A	2.27 (0.95; 12.53) A	0.77 (0.39; 1.15) A	0.82 (0.43; 3.36) A	0.19
IL-8	39.6 (12.9; 152.3) A	162.8 (47.6; 854.6) A	54.3 (24.6; 143.1) A	55.8 (24.7; 174.8) A	0.13
IL-5	0.02 (0.01; 0.44) A	0.32 (0.02; 2.49) A	0.03 (0.01; 0.26) A	0.18 (0.03; 1.16) A	0.17
IL-4	0.14 (0.01; 1.62) A	0.99 (0.01; 5.46) A	0.01 (0.01; 1.26) A	0.4 (0.01; 2.78) A	0.18
IL-10	1.95 (0.06; 4.7) A	1.48 (0.5; 3.4) A	0.56 (0.34; 4.7) A	1.41 (0.43; 5.2) A	0.82
IFN-γ	0.03 (0.01; 0.26) A	0.24 (0.06; 0.63) A	0.01 (0.01; 0.14) A	0.01 (0.01; 0.32) A	0.02
GM-CSF	2.62 (0.25; 14.12) A	2.33 (0.21; 17.8) A	0.66 (0.14; 3.7) A	2.93 (0.26; 18.1) A	0.61
TNF-α	0.33 (0.01; 2.73) A	1.35 (0.53; 4.84) A	0.09 (0.01; 1.09) A	0.31 (0.01; 1.01) A	0.08

^*Different letters denote statistically different groups (Kruskall Wallis followed by Dunn test with Bonferroni correction).

NG, normoglycemic; PD, pre-diabetes; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; GP, generalized periodontitis.