Table IV.
18-26 months corrected age outcome among infants with PHVD, intracranial hemorrhage without PHVD and normal HUS
| PHVD group | Intracranial Hemorrhage without PHVD |
Normal HUS | Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI)a or Adjusted estimates (95% CI)a |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PHVD vs. Normal |
Hemorrhage, NO PHVD vs. Normal |
PHVD vs. Hemorrhage without PHVD |
||||
| Death or NDI- n (%) | 506/748(67.7) | 269/682(39.4) | 649/2316(28.0) | 4.65(3.77,5.73)*** | 1.56(1.27,1.92)*** | 2.98(2.31,3.82)*** |
| Neurodevelop- mental impairmentb | 211/453(46.6) | 93/506(18.4) | 266/1933(13.8) | 4.96(3.84,6.41)*** | 1.34(1.01,1.78)* | 3.70(2.67,5.11)*** |
| Death-n(%) (beforec/after DC) | 295/814(36.2) | 176/768(22.9) | 383/2627(14.6) | 2.54(2.05,3.15)*** | 1.58(1.25,1.99)*** | 1.61(1.25,2.08)*** |
| Normal outcome- survivorsd- n (%) | 123/460(26.7) | 265/516(51.4) | 1105/1953(56.6) | 0.28(0.22,0.36)*** | 0.84(0.67,1.04) | 0.34(0.25,0.46)*** |
| Cerebral Palsy- n (%) | 202/471(42.9) | 68/540(12.6) | 178/2016(8.8) | 7.16(5.46,9.38)*** | 1.47(1.06,2.04)* | 4.86(3.44,6.88)*** |
| BSID III Cognitive > 85- n (%) | 150/452(33.2) | 283/523(54.1) | 1141/1966(58.0) | 0.37(0.29,0.47)*** | 0.85(0.69,1.06) | 0.43(0.32,0.58)*** |
| 70-85 -n (%) | 168/452(37.2) | 181/523(34.6) | 672/1966(34.2) | 1.05(0.82,1.33) | 1.00(0.80.1.25) | 1.05(0.79,1.41) |
| 69-55- n (%) | 111/452(24.6) | 58/523(11.1) | 135/1966(6.9) | 4.11(3.01,5.61)*** | 1.79(1.26,2.53)*** | 2.30(1.58,3.35)*** |
| < 55b - n (%) | 23/452(5.1) | 1/523(0.2) | 18/1966(0.9) | - | - | - |
| Motor composite score > 85 n (%) | 149/434(34.3) | 290/508(57.1) | 1168/1946(60.0) | 0.35(0.27,0.45)*** | 0.91(0.72,1.14) | 0.39(0.29,0.52)*** |
| 70-85 -n (%) | 125/434(28.8) | 154/508(30.3) | 605/1946(31.1) | 0.86(0.66,1.11) | 0.97(0.76,1.22) | 0.89(0.65,1.21) |
| 69-55 -n (%) | 77/434(17.7) | 41/508(8.1) | 110/1946(5.7) | 3.39(2.40,4.79)*** | 1.37(0.91,2.05) | 2.48(1.60,3.85)*** |
| <55b -n (%) | 83/434(19.1) | 23/508(4.5) | 63/1946(3.2) | 5.77(3.90,8.52)*** | 1.25(0.74,2.11) | 4.61(2.73,7.81)*** |
| Hearing impairment -n (%) | 25/469(5.3) | 11/534(2.1) | 48/2004(2.4) | 1.87(1.08,3.23)* | 0.87(0.43,1.76) | 2.15(0.99,4.68)* |
| Vision impairment - n (%) | 27/469(5.8) | 4/540(0.7) | 12/2019(0.6) | 9.04(4.28,19.29)*** | 0.92(0.25,3.34) | 9.83(2.91,33.28)*** |
| Rehospitalized (%) | 277/474(58.4) | 268/547(48.9) | 973/2040(47.7) | 1.33(1.06,1.66)** | 0.96(0.78,1.18) | 1.38(1.05,1.82)* |
| Rehospitalization for seizures or VPS revision- n (%) | 46/276(16.7) | 7/268(2.6) | 34/971(3.5) | 5.18(3.08,8.70)*** | 0.67(0.27,1.63) | 7.78(3.20,18.92)*** |
| Growth: | ||||||
| Weight kgs (mean(SD) ) | N=471 11.55(4.24) |
N=539 11.49(1.92) |
N=2009 11.43(1.68) |
0.12(−0.13,0.38) | 0.09(−0.14,0.33) | 0.03(−0.28,0.34) |
| Height cms, (mean(SD) ) | N=463 | N=535 | N=1995 | −0.41(−0.92,0.09) | 0.26(−0.20,0.72) | −0.68(−1.29,−0.07)* |
| 83.94(5.07) | 84.49(4.78) | 84.34(4.64) | ||||
| Head circumference cms (mean(SD)) | N=469 46.83(2.57) |
N=532 47.32(2.43) |
N=1992 47.34(2.10) |
−0.36(−0.60,−0.13)** | 0.07(−0.15,0.29) | −0.43(−0.72,−0.14)** |
| Weight<10th percentile | 110/471(23.4) | 99/539(18.4) | 358/2009(17.8) | 1.41(1.08,1.84)** | 1.05(0.81,1.37) | 1.34(0.96,1.86) |
| Height<10th percentile - n (%) | 181/463(39.1) | 159/535(29.7) | 592/1995(29.7) | 1.55(1.23,1.96)*** | 0.96(0.76,1.20) | 1.62(1.21,2.16)** |
| Head circumference<1 0th percentile - n (%) | 149/469(31.8) | 108/532(20.3) | 369/1992(18.5) | 1.82(1.41,2.36)*** | 0.99(0.76,1.30) | 1.84(1.33,2.54)*** |
| Corrected Age at Follow-up Months (mean(SD)) | N=474 23.88(3.52) |
N=545 23.77(3.39) |
N=2036 23.64(3.37) |
0.08(−0.27,0.43) | 0.17(−0.15,0.50) | −0.09(−0.52,0.33) |
Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) for categorical outcomes were obtained using Generalized Linear Mixed models. For continuous outcomes, adjusted estimates (95% CI) were obtained using Generalized Linear models. Covariates adjusted in all models were center, male, antenatal steroids, histological chorioamnionitis, hypertension, mode of delivery, mother’s education, and gestational age. Center variations have been adjusted as a random effect for categorical outcomes.
Neurodevelopmental impairment is defined as moderate/severe cerebral palsy or Bayley III cognitive or motor score <70, blindness or deafness.
Withdrawal of respiratory support among those who died prior to hospital discharge was 23.1% among infants with PHVD, 14.1% among ICH no PHVD and 7.6% among those with normal HUS, P <.001
Normal outcome in survivors is defined as no cerebral palsy, Bayley III cognitive composite score ≥85, motor composite score ≥85, no blindness and no deafness.
P <.05
P <.01
P <.001