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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Jan 30.
Published in final edited form as: Brain Cogn. 2020 Jul 30;144:105601. doi: 10.1016/j.bandc.2020.105601

Table 5.

Breakdown of Children’s Medial Prefrontal Outcomes.

Variable df Sum of squares Mean square F ratio p value Partial eta-squared
Block 2 73.441 36.720 0.990 0.382 0.055
Block × condition 4 313.108 78.277 2.110 0.101 0.199
Block × grade 2 64.288 32.144 0.866 0.430 0.048
Block × condition × grade 4 501.445 125.361 3.379 ,020a 0.284
Scale 1 9.763 9.763 2.917 0.106 0.146
Scale × condition 2 4.817 2.408 0.720 0.501 0.078
Scale × grade 1 3.613 3.613 1.080 0.313 0.060
Scale × condition × grade 2 13.478 6.739 2.014 0.164 0.192
Block × scale 2 16.910 8.455 4.373 .020b 0.205
Block × scale × condition 4 9.930 2.482 1.284 0.296 0.131
Block × scale × grade 2 22.289 11.144 5.763 .007c 0.253
Block × scale × condition × grade 4 18.998 4.750 2.456 0.064 0.224
Condition 2 1.872 0.936 0.026 0.974 0.003
Grade 1 2.699 2.699 0.076 0.786 0.004
Condition × grade 2 43.626 21.813 0.615 0.552 0.067
a

Increased activation during feedback was greatest in second-grade children within the auditory feedback condition.

b

Driven by significantly greater activation during large- compared to small-scale estimations during the prefeedback condition.

c

The block × scale interaction above was exacerbated within second- compared to third-grade children.