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. 2021 Jan 20;14:624036. doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2020.624036

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Copyright © 2021 Varholick, Bailoo, Jenkins, Voelkl and Würbel.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Forest plots of meta-analyses. (A) Open field, (B) Elevated plus-maze, (C) Porsolt forced swim test. Observed effect sizes and 95% confidence intervals are provided in the right column. Negative effect sizes represent increased values for subordinate mice (e.g., increased exploration in the open field), while positive effects represent increased values for dominants. The overall effect size is denoted by the diamond symbol. The study by Saldívar-González et al. (2007) is marked with 3^* and 9^* to denote the effects of the separate group-sizes of 3 and 9.