Table 3.
Heterogeneity in effect sizes and directionality of effect for studies meeting pre-specified criteria for exploratory and anxiety domains.
| Domain | Study | Paradigm | Dom | Sub | Mean Diff. | Pooled SD | g | Dom v. Sub |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exploration | Pallé et al., 2019 | General Exploration | 5 | 5 | 72.5 | 76.20 | 0.95 | < |
| Varholick et al., 2018 | Object Exploration | 10 | 7 | 298.03 | 1288.46 | 0.23 | < | |
| Bartolomucci et al., 2004 | Free Exploration | 8 | 8 | – | – | – | = | |
| Hilakivi et al., 1989 | Hole-board | 18 | 22 | 9.11 | 18.66 | 0.49 | > | |
| Hilakivi-Clarke and Lister, 1992 | Hole-board | 10 | 23 | 19.44 | 19.50 | 1.0 | > | |
| Vekovishcheva and Sukhotina, 2000 | Actometer | 20 | 20 | 32.10 | 28.78 | 1.12 | > | |
| Anxiety | Colas-Zelin et al., 2012 | Light/Dark Box | 8 | 8 | – | – | – | = |
| Saldívar-González et al., 2007 (9*) | Defensive Burying | 8 | 8 | 5.44 | 25.77 | 0.22 | > | |
| Vekovishcheva and Sukhotina, 2000 | Shuttle box | 20 | 20 | 6.3 | 11.46 | 0.55 | > | |
| Saldívar-González et al., 2007 (3*) | Defensive Burying | 8 | 8 | 19.24 | 22.59 | 0.85 | > |
The directionality in the dominance subordinance relationship is noted in the “Dom vs. Sub” column and does not necessarily reflect statistical significance. Also, studies marked with a “=” sign in the ‘Dom vs. Sub' column did not report values in their study but reported that there was no significant difference between groups. A Hedge's g value of more than 1 indicates a difference >1 standard deviation. Data ordered by direction of effect and ascending Hedge's g, similar to forest plots. The study by Saldívar-González et al. (2007) is marked with 3* and 9* to denote the effects of the separate group-sizes of 3 and 9.