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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 May 15.
Published in final edited form as: Pediatr Res. 2020 Jul 14;89(5):1152–1156. doi: 10.1038/s41390-020-1058-4

Table 3.

Maternal and neonatal characteristics by MA exposure

N (%) or mean (SD) PME N=55 Comparison N=45 P
Maternal/demographic characteristics
Race 0.72
White 18 (32.7%) 15 (33.3%)
Hispanic 18 (32.7%) 17 (37.8%)
Hawaii & Pacific Islander 10 (18.2%) 5 (11.1%)
Asian 7 (12.7%) 5(11.1%)
Black 1 (1.8%) 2 (4.4%)
American Indian 1 (1.8%) 0 (0.0%)
Other 0 (0.0%) 1 (2.2%)
Low SES 23 (41.8%) 4 (8.9%) <0.01
Partner at birth 24 (43.6%) 29 (64.4%) 0.04
Education <12 years 31 (56.4%) 17 (37.8%) 0.06
Prenatal care 50 (90.9%) 45 (100.0%) 0.04
Prenatal tobacco use 40 (72.7%) 10 (22.2%) <0.01
Average number of cigarettes/day across pregnancy 5.50 (7.06) 0.44 (1.50) <0.01
Prenatal alcohol use 18 (32.7%) 12 (26.7%) 0.51
Average oz. absolute alcohol/day across pregnancy 0.09 (0.40) 0.01 (0.03) 0.18
Prenatal marijuana use 15 (27.3%) 2 (4.4%) <0.01
Average number of joints/day across pregnancy 0.03 (0.14) 0.02 (0.15) 0.75
Maternal age (yr) 25.11 (5.79) 25.40 (6.75) 0.82
GA at 1st prenatal visit 13.6 (8.04) 8.2 (5.77) <0.01
Neonatal characteristics
Sex (Male) 31 (56.4%) 21 (46.7%) 0.33
Birth weight (g) 3109 (687) 3376 (554) 0.04
Length (cm) 48.7 (4.1) 51.6 (2.8) <0.01
Head Circumference (cm) 33.5 (2.0) 34.2 (1.6) 0.05
Gestational age (wks) 37.75 (3.12) 39.11 (1.60) <0.01
Small for gestational age 6 (10.9%) 4 (8.9%) 0.74
DNA methylation ofHSBUB2
CpG site 1 1.3 (1.7) 1.6 (1.6) 0.52
CpG site 2 1.4 (1.7) 0.3 (0.6) <0.01
CpG site 3 0.5 (0.7) 0.6 (0.8) 0.80
CpG site 4 3.8 (2.2) 3.6 (2.0) 0.69