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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Health Econ. 2020 Nov 24;75:102406. doi: 10.1016/j.jhealeco.2020.102406

Table 3.

Estimated Physician Effects on Preoperative Testing Prior to Low-Risk Surgeries

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
N: Total N: Physicians Baseline Rate Physicians Coefficient Standard Error
Panel A. Sponsors Analysis: Comparison of Physician Patients with Non-Physician Military Officers
Schwartz et al Sample Chest Radiography 88,560 4,813 0.0959 −0.0215*** 0.0039
Complete Blood Count 88,560 4,813 0.3068 −0.0007 0.0073
Comprehensive Metabolic Panel 88,560 4,813 0.0940 0.0010 0.0038
Coagulation Panel 88,560 4,813 0.1041 −0.0076 0.0065
Any Preoperative Care 88,560 4,813 0.3506 −0.0054 0.0075
Derived Low-Risk Sample Chest Radiography 1,313,701 48,963 0.0452 −0.0030** 0.0012
Complete Blood Count 1,313,701 48,963 0.1386 0.0017 0.0020
Comprehensive Metabolic Panel 1,313,701 48,963 0.0608 0.0023 0.0012
Coagulation Panel 1,313,701 48,963 0.0241 −0.0008 0.0009
Any Preoperative Care 1,313,701 48,963 0.1786 0.0002 0.0022
Panel B. Dependents Analysis: Comparison of Dependents of Physician Patients with Dependents of Non- Physician Military Officers
Schwartz et al Sample Chest Radiography 99,994 4,614 0.0591 −0.0165*** 0.0029
Complete Blood Count 99,994 4,614 0.3470 0.0004 0.0077
Comprehensive Metabolic Panel 99,994 4,614 0.0857 −0.0052 0.0038
Coagulation Panel 99,994 4,614 0.0668 −0.0104*** 0.0055
Any Preoperative Care 99,994 4,614 0.3762 −0.0024 0.0078
Derived Low-Risk Sample Chest Radiography 609,011 18,980 0.0416 −0.0062*** 0.0018
Complete Blood Count 609,011 18,980 0.1764 −0.0070** 0.0036
Comprehensive Metabolic Panel 609,011 18,980 0.0878 −0.0060** 0.0025
Coagulation Panel 609,011 18,980 0.0351 −0.0032* 0.0020
Any Preoperative Care 609,011 18,980 0.2188 −0.0124*** 0.0040

Notes: standard errors are clustered at the individual beneficiary level. Each row represents results from a different specification using the specified dependent variable and the specified sample. All specifications control for patient age-by-sex dummies, patient race dummies, patient pay-grade dummies, previous year RVU, previous year RWP, previous year inpatient days, Charlson combordity index, and base-by-year-by-care-location fixed effects, along with fixed effects indicating the relevant surgery within the respective sample of low-risk surgeries. Data are from the Military Health System Data Repository, 2003–2013.

***

Significant at the 1 percent level

**

Significant at the 5 percent level

*

Significant at the 10 percent level.