Table 7.

Estimated Physician Effect on Chest Radiography Prior to Low-Risk Surgery (from Derived Low-Risk Surgery Sponsors Sample) across Different Constructions of Physician-Patient Group

	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)
	N: Total	N: Physicians	Baseline Rate	Physicians Coefficient	Standard Error
Physician-Patient Group: No Restrictions (Baseline, Replicating Corresponding Row from Table 3)	1,313,701	48,963	0.0452	−0.0030**	0.0012
Physician-Patient Group: Those Performing (as Providers) None of Procedures in Sample	1,292,613	27,875	0.0453	−0.0019	0.0016
Physician-Patient Group: Those Performing (as Providers) between 0 and 100 of Procedures in Sample	1,281,251	16,513	0.0452	−0.0036**	0.0018
Physician-Patient Group: Those Performing (as Providers) at least 100 of Procedures in Sample	1,269,313	4,575	0.0451	−0.0077**	0.0031

Notes: standard errors are clustered at the individual beneficiary level. Each row represents estimated physician effects from a different specification using the specified construction of the physician treatment group, where groups vary depending on the volume of the procedures in this low-risk surgery sample that were presided over—as providers—by the relevant physician-patient. All specifications control for patient age-by-sex dummies, patient race dummies, patient pay-grade dummies, previous year RVU, previous year RWP, previous year inpatient days, Charlson combordity index, and base-by-year-by-care-location fixed effects. Data are from the Military Health System Data Repository, 2003–2013.

^***Significant at the 1 percent level

^** Significant at the 5 percent level

^*Significant at the 10 percent level.