Table 1.
Baseline sample characteristics by social isolation group (N=7,609)
| Social isolation trajectory groups | Global Test | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rarely isolated (N=4,253) | Increasing (N=1,151) | Decreasing (N=770) | Persistently isolated (N=1,435) | Test Statistic | p | |
| Age groups (%) | F(10.61, 594.36) = 46.4 | <.001 | ||||
| 65–69 years | 33.6 (32.1, 35.2) | 16.7 (13.8, 20.2) | 13.0 (9.5, 17.5) | 22.5 (19.6, 25.8) | ||
| 70–74 years | 27.6 (26.6, 28.8) | 20.3 (17.4, 23.6) | 10.7 (8.6, 13.2) | 25.0 (22.3, 27.8) | ||
| 75–79 years | 18.7 (17.5, 20.0) | 23.8 (21.1, 26.8) | 15.7 (12.5, 19.5) | 18.0 (16.4, 19.8) | ||
| 80–84 years | 12.2 (11.4, 13.1) | 20.8 (18.7, 23.2) | 20.4 (17.0, 24.1) | 16.3 (14.5, 18.4) | ||
| 85–89 years | 6.0 (5.4, 6.7) | 12.5 (10.7, 14.4) | 23.2 (19.6, 27.3) | 11.7 (9.9, 13.9) | ||
| 90 years or over | 1.8 (1.5, 2.2) | 5.8 (4.7, 7.2) | 17.1 (14.3, 20.2) | 6.4 (5.3, 7.7) | ||
| Sex (%) | F(2.97, 166.49) = 3.0 | .032 | ||||
| Female | 55.2 (53.3, 57.2) | 59.3 (55.9, 62.6) | 61.1 (56.4, 65.5) | 57.7 (54.4, 60.8) | ||
| Male | 44.8 (42.8, 46.7) | 40.7 (37.4, 44.1) | 38.9 (34.5, 43.6) | 42.3 (39.2, 45.6) | ||
| Race/ethnicity (%) | F(6.44, 360.46) = 12.8 | <.001 | ||||
| White, non-Hispanic | 84.4 (82.8, 85.9) | 77.0 (73.7, 79.9) | 72.4 (67.2, 77.1) | 72.7 (69.1, 76.0) | ||
| Black, non-Hispanic | 6.6 (5.9, 7.5) | 9.3 (7.9, 10.9) | 11.9 (10.0, 14.1) | 10.9 (9.6, 12.5) | ||
| Other race, non-Hispanic | 3.8 (3.0, 4.8) | 4.7 (2.9, 7.4) | 6.8 (4.6, 9.9) | 6.5 (4.9, 8.6) | ||
| Hispanic | 5.1 (4.4, 6.0) | 9.1 (6.9, 11.9) | 8.9 (5.7, 13.6) | 9.8 (7.8, 12.3) | ||
| Education (%) | F(7.82, 438.11) = 64.8 | <.001 | ||||
| Less than high school | 13.9 (12.5, 15.5) | 29.3 (26.1, 32.8) | 40.9 (36.7, 45.2) | 36.6 (33.2, 40.2) | ||
| High school | 26.9 (25.2, 28.7) | 29.3 (26.7, 32.1) | 28.4 (24.8, 32.2) | 28.4 (25.6, 31.3) | ||
| Some college, no degree | 22.8 (21.6, 24.2) | 19.6 (16.9, 22.5) | 15.4 (12.5, 18.7) | 20.1 (17.3, 23.1) | ||
| College graduate | 36.3 (33.5, 39.1) | 21.8 (18.7, 25.1) | 15.4 (12.1, 19.4) | 14.9 (12.9, 17.2) | ||
| Family income in 2011 ($) (mean) | 71,312 (63,492, 79,131) | 42,004 (34,806, 49,203) | 28,556 (24,570, 32,543) | 34,881 (24,173, 45,590) | F(3, 54) = 32.6 | <.001 |
| Chronic disease count (mean) | 2.24 (2.18, 2.29) | 2.58 (2.49, 2.67) | 2.89 (2.75, 3.02) | 2.55 (2.46, 2.64) | F(3, 54) = 36.9 | <.001 |
| Activities of daily living limitations (mean) | .27 (.24, .29) | .62 (.55, .69) | 1.69 (1.56, 1.82) | .68 (.61, .75) | F(3, 54) = 190.8 | <.001 |
| Instrumental activities of daily living (mean) | .42 (.38, .45) | 1.04 (.95, 1.13) | 2.37 (2.24, 2.50) | 1.12 (1.02, 1.22) | F(3, 54) = 321.3 | <.001 |
| Mobility limitations (mean) | .36 (.34, .39) | .74 (.67, .80) | 1.53 (1.43, 1.64) | .80 (.72, .87) | F(3, 54) = 228.9 | <.001 |
| PHQ-4 score (mean) | 1.44 (1.36, 1.52) | 2.38 (2.18, 2.57) | 3.60 (3.31, 3.90) | 2.55 (2.36, 2.74) | F(3, 54) = 109.4 | <.001 |
| Proxy-respondent | 1.1 (.08, .01) | 4.5 (3.4, 5.9) | 40.4 (35.5, 45.5) | 9.5 (7.8, 11.5) | F(2.80, 156.62) = 449.3 | <.001 |
| # of surveys completed | 5.1 (5.0, 5.2) | 5.6 (5.4, 5.8) | 4.0 (3.7, 4.2) | 4.6 (4.4, 4.7) | F(3, 54) = 65.8 | <.001 |
| Estimated proportion in the population (%) | 62.2 (60.7, 63.8) | 13.5 (12.7, 14.4) | 7.4 (6.8, 8.0) | 16.9 (15.8, 18.0) | ||
Note. Weighted estimates were presented applying NHATS complex survey design features using Taylor linearization for variance estimation.